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LAN Switching and Wireless VLANs Chapter 3 Modified by Pete Brierley ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 Objectives Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network. Explain the role of trunking VLANs in a converged network. Configure VLANs on switches in a converged network topology. Troubleshoot common software or hardware misconfigurations associated with VLANs on switches in a converged network topology. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network How to manage broadcast domains with VLANs ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network A switch virtual interface (SVI) is a VLAN of switch ports represented by one interface to a routing or bridging system. There is one-to-one mapping between a VLAN and SVI, thus only a single SVI can be mapped to a VLAN. In default setting, an SVI is created for the default VLAN (VLAN1) to permit remote switch administration. An SVI cannot be activated unless associated with a physical port. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network •SVIs are generally configured for a VLAN for the following reasons: •Allow traffic to be routed between VLANs by providing a default gateway for the VLAN. •Provide fallback bridging (if required for non-routable protocols). •Provide Layer 3 IP connectivity to the switch. •Support bridging configurations and routing protocol. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8 The Role of Trunking VLANs in a Converged Network ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9 Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a Converged Network How a trunk works ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10 Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a Converged Network ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11 Switchport mode dynamic auto This command makes the interface willing to convert the link to a trunk link if the neighboring interface is set to trunk or desirable mode. Otherwise, the link will become a non-trunking link. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16 Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17 Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18 Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19 The VLAN ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20 VLAN VLAN: • is a logical grouping • grouped by: • function • department • application VLAN configuration is done by software. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21 Typically in LAN configuration, users are grouped based on their location in relation to the HUB they are connected to. ¾ M acin tos h SE HUB ¾ M acin tos h SE Sales ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE HUB Design ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22 VLAN implementations offered a port-mapping that establishes a broadcast domain between default group of devices. ¾ M acin tos h SE Switch ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE 2nd floor ¾ M acin tos h SE 1st floor Switch ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE Admin ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Students Instructors 23 Traditionally, the role of a router is to provide • firewall • broadcast management • route processing & distribution Routers are used to properly communicate between different VLANs. Use the routers as your backbone to transmit information at high bandwidth among your VLAN switches. Routers in VLAN topologies provide • broadcast filtering • security • traffic flow management ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24 Properties of VLANs: • VLANs work at layer 2 & 3 of OSI model • Communications between VLANs is by layer 3 routing • VLANs provide a method of controlling network broadcast • Network administrator assigns users to VLAN • VLANs can increase network security by defining which network nodes can communicate with each other A VLAN is a broadcast domain that one or more switches create ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25 VLAN implementations offered a port-mapping that establishes a broadcast domain between default group of devices. ¾ M acin tos h SE Switch ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE 2nd floor ¾ M acin tos h SE 1st floor Switch ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Broadcast domain Broadcast domain Admin Students Broadcast domain Instructors 26 VLAN Operation Ports that are assigned to the same VLAN share broadcasts. Ports that do not belong to that VLAN do not share these broadcast. There are two (2) methods in which to create VLANs: 1. Static VLANs – This method is also referred to a port-based membership. As a device is connected to the network, it automatically assumes the VLAN of that port 2. Dynamic VLANs – Dynamic VLANs are created through the use of software packages such as CiscoWorks 2000. With a VLAN Management Policy Server (VMPS), you can assign switch ports to VLANs dynamically based on the source MAC address of the device that is connected to the port. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27 Static VLAN The default VLAN for every port in the switch is VLAN1, or the management VLAN. The management VLAN cannot be deleted; however, additional VLANs can be created and ports can be reassigned to these alternate VLANs. A router is used to switch between different VLANs. Hence, each VLAN should have a unique Layer 3 network or subnet address assigned. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28 Advantages of VLANs: • reduce administration costs related to solving problems associated with moves, additions & changes • 20%-40% of the workforce physically moves each year • one can move the node to a new location without changing its’ IP / subnet address by plugging the node into port for that VLAN • controls broadcast activity • provide workgroup & network security • save money by keeping their HUBs and connecting them to switches i.e. don’t’ have to ‘throw away’ the HUBs. The goal of the end-to-end VLANs, is to maintain the 80/20 traffic flow rule – 80% of the traffic on the local VLAN, and 20% on a remote VLAN. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29 Broadcast: Switches (not talking about VLANs here) create ‘smaller collision’ domains, but they do not create smaller broadcast domains. Hence use routers which don’t propagate broadcasts. Though by setting up the different VLANs on a switch, one can control the broadcast messaging from one VLAN to another. Security: • restrict the number of users in a VLAN group • prevent another user from joining without first receiving approval from the VLAN network administrator • configure all unused ports to a default low-service VLAN • adding access list in the router ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30 Using Hubs with VLANs Each hub segment that is connected to a switch port can be assigned to only one VLAN. All stations that share a hub segment become members of the same VLAN group. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31 VLAN Types Port-based VLANs (static): • nodes connected to ports in the same VLAN have same VLAN ID. • users are assigned by port MAC address-based VLANs (dynamic): • VLAN Management Policy Server (VMPS) • are ports on a switch that can automatically determine their VLAN assignments Protocol-based VLANs (dynamic): • are ports on a switch that can automatically determine their VLAN assignments • functions are based on: • logical addressing • protocol type ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32 VLAN Frame Identification With multiswitch VLANs, the frame headers are encapsulated or modified to reflect a VLAN ID before the frame is sent onto the link between the switches. Multiple trunking methodologies include: • IEEE 802.1q • ISL (Inter-Switch Link Protocol) • 802.10 • LANE (LAN Emulation) ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33 The most common approach for logically grouping users into distinct VLAN: • Frame Filtering • filtering table is developed. Can be based on • MAC • protocol • each frame is examined • depending on the ‘filter table’ sends the frame out the designated port ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34 Frame Identification A unique VLAN ID is assigned to each VLAN in the switch the tagged frame travels the backbone among switches When the frame exits the switch on nonbackbone, the identifier is removed This technique is chosen by IEEE (IEEE 802.1q)gaining as the standard trunking mechanism function at layer 2 ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35 Packet with VLANID, added by the switch ¾ M acin tos h SE Switch VLAN2 ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE 2nd floor Backbone ¾ M acin tos h SE 1st floor Switch ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE VLAN2 VLAN1 VLAN2 VLAN3 VLANID is removed by the switch before sending to the target host. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36 Inter-Switch Link Protocol ISL is a Cisco proprietary encapsulation protocol that interconnects multiple switches. FDDI 802.10 Is a Cisco proprietary method of transporting VLAN information inside the standard IEEE 802.10 frame for Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI). ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37 LAN Emulation (LANE) LANE is a standard defined by the ATM Forum that gives two stations attached via ATM the same capabilities they normally have if they are LANs such as Ethernet or Token Ring. The function of the LANE protocol is to emulate a LAN on top of ATM network. That is, the LANE protocols make an ATM network look and behave like an Ethernet or Token Ring LAN. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38 FACTS VLAN makes up a switched network that is logically segmented by functions, project teams or applications, without regard to the physical location of users. Each switch port can be assigned to a VLAN. Ports assigned to the same VLAN share broadcasts. So VLANs are used to create broadcast domains. VLAN implementation methods used to assign a switch port to a VLAN: • port-centric • static • dynamic ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39 ¾ M acin tos h SE Switch ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE 2nd floor ¾ M acin tos h SE 1st floor Switch ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE Admin Students Instructors Only the devices on the same VLAN contend with collisions. Hence broadcast traffic within one VLAN is not transmitted outside the VLAN. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40 NOTE: For configuring static VLANs on Cisco 29xx switches: • max number of VLANs is switch dependent & is limited by the number of ports on the switch. • VLAN1 is one of the factory-default VLANs • VLAN1 is the default Ethernet VLAN • Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) & VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) advertisements are sent on VLAN1. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41 NOTEs: Some encapsulation protocol, such as 802.1q or ISL, must be configured on all switch trunks that participate in the VLAN. • commands for configuring VLANs vary by model number. • the catalyst 29xx IP address is in the VLAN1 broadcast domain. • switch must be in VTP server mode to create, add, or delete VLANs. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42 ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE For non-VLAN configuration, switches makes ‘smaller collision’ domain. However, they do not make ‘smaller broadcast’ domains. A broadcast messages is sent to all the devices connected to the switch. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 43 ¾ M acin tos h SE Switch A ¾ M acin tos h SE NonVLAN ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE Router ¾ M acin tos h SE Switch B ¾ M acin tos h SE ¾ M acin tos h SE Use routers to reduce the broadcast of messages. A broadcast on Switch A is broadcast to all of its users, but is not broadcasted to Switch B (because the router won’t send it onto Switch B!) ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44 PSTN Local Office Toll Office Tandem Class 5 Class 4 Class 3 Local Office Tandem Office Toll Office Toll Office Trunk Line Local Loop Demarc ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Cisco Public 45 Troubleshooting Switch#show vlan Switch#show vlan brief Switch#show spanning-tree Switch#Show interface PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 46 Summary VLANS Allows an administrator to logically group devices that act as their own network Are used to segment broadcast domains Some benefits of VLANs include Cost reduction, security, higher performance, better management ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 47 Summary Types of Traffic on a VLAN include Data Voice Network protocol Network management Communication between different VLANs requires the use of Routers ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 48 Summary Trunks A common conduit used by multiple VLANS for intra-VLAN communication EEE 802.1Q The standard trunking protocol Uses frame tagging to identify the VLAN to which a frame belongs Does not tag native VLAN traffic ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 49 VLAN Questions ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 50 What happens to the member ports of a VLAN when the VLAN is deleted? 1. They become inactive. 2. They default back to the management VLAN. 3. They automatically become a part of VLAN1. 4. They must be assigned to another VLAN before the original VLAN can be deleted. 5. They remain a part of that VLAN until the switch is rebooted. They then become members of the management VLAN. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 51 What happens to the member ports of a VLAN when the VLAN is deleted? 1. They become inactive. 2. They default back to the management VLAN. 3. They automatically become a part of VLAN1. 4. They must be assigned to another VLAN before the original VLAN can be deleted. 5. They remain a part of that VLAN until the switch is rebooted. They then become members of the management VLAN. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 52 Which of the following devices is needed for a packet to be passed from one VLAN to another? 1. Bridge 2. Router 3. Switch 4. Hub ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 53 Which of the following devices is needed for a packet to be passed from one VLAN to another? 1. Bridge 2. Router 3. Switch 4. Hub ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 54 Which of the following describe networks in which the use of static VLANs is appropriate? (Choose three.) 1. Workstations, departments, and network resources are seldom moved. 2. VLAN port membership frequently changes. 3. Robust VLAN management software is available to the network administrator. 4. The overhead required to manage VLAN MAC address and custom filtering tables is not desirable. 5. VLANs are often added, deleted, and modified. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 55 Which of the following describe networks in which the use of static VLANs is appropriate? (Choose three.) 1. Workstations, departments, and network resources are seldom moved. 2. VLAN port membership frequently changes. 3. Robust VLAN management software is available to the network administrator. 4. The overhead required to manage VLAN MAC address and custom filtering tables is not desirable. 5. VLANs are often added, deleted, and modified. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 56 A network administrator has configured a switch with three VLANs: VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3. Port 10 is to be assigned to VLAN3. Which of the following commands are needed to assign port 10 to VLAN3? (Choose three.) 1. Switch_1(config)# switchport interface fastethernet 0/10 2. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport mode access 3. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access 4. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3 5. Switch_1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/10 ITE 1 Chapter 6 6. Switch_1# vlan database © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 57 A network administrator has configured a switch with three VLANs: VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3. Port 10 is to be assigned to VLAN3. Which of the following commands are needed to assign port 10 to VLAN3? (Choose three.) 1. Switch_1(config)# switchport interface fastethernet 0/10 2. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport mode access 3. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access 4. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3 5. Switch_1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/10 ITE 1 Chapter 6 6. Switch_1# vlan database © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 58 What does the phrase microsegmentation with scalability mean? 1. The ability to increase network size without creating collisions domains 2. The ability to put a huge number of hosts on one switch 3. The ability to broadcast to more nodes at once 4. All of the above ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 59 What does the phrase microsegmentation with scalability mean? 1. The ability to increase network size without creating collisions domains 2. The ability to put a huge number of hosts on one switch 3. The ability to broadcast to more nodes at once 4. All of the above ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 60 What happens to the member ports of a VLAN when the VLAN is deleted? 1. They become inactive. 2. They default back to the management VLAN. 3. They automatically become a part of VLAN1. 4. They must be assigned to another VLAN before the original VLAN can be deleted. 5. They remain a part of that VLAN until the switch is rebooted. They then become members of the management VLAN. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 61 What happens to the member ports of a VLAN when the VLAN is deleted? 1. They become inactive. 2. They default back to the management VLAN. 3. They automatically become a part of VLAN1. 4. They must be assigned to another VLAN before the original VLAN can be deleted. 5. They remain a part of that VLAN until the switch is rebooted. They then become members of the management VLAN. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 62 Which of the following devices is needed for a packet to be passed from one VLAN to another? 1. Bridge 2. Router 3. Switch 4. Hub ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 63 Which of the following devices is needed for a packet to be passed from one VLAN to another? 1. Bridge 2. Router 3. Switch 4. Hub ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 64 Which of the following describe networks in which the use of static VLANs is appropriate? (Choose three.) 1. Workstations, departments, and network resources are seldom moved. 2. VLAN port membership frequently changes. 3. Robust VLAN management software is available to the network administrator. 4. The overhead required to manage VLAN MAC address and custom filtering tables is not desirable. 5. VLANs are often added, deleted, and modified. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 65 Which of the following describe networks in which the use of static VLANs is appropriate? (Choose three.) 1. Workstations, departments, and network resources are seldom moved. 2. VLAN port membership frequently changes. 3. Robust VLAN management software is available to the network administrator. 4. The overhead required to manage VLAN MAC address and custom filtering tables is not desirable. 5. VLANs are often added, deleted, and modified. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 66 A network administrator has configured a switch with three VLANs: VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3. Port 10 is to be assigned to VLAN3. Which of the following commands are needed to assign port 10 to VLAN3? (Choose three.) 1. Switch_1(config)# switchport interface fastethernet 0/10 2. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport mode access 3. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access 4. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3 5. Switch_1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/10 ITE 1 Chapter 6 6. Switch_1# vlan database © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 67 A network administrator has configured a switch with three VLANs: VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3. Port 10 is to be assigned to VLAN3. Which of the following commands are needed to assign port 10 to VLAN3? (Choose three.) 1. Switch_1(config)# switchport interface fastethernet 0/10 2. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport mode access 3. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access 4. Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3 5. Switch_1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/10 ITE 1 Chapter 6 6. Switch_1# vlan database © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 68 What does the phrase microsegmentation with scalability mean? 1. The ability to increase network size without creating collisions domains 2. The ability to put a huge number of hosts on one switch 3. The ability to broadcast to more nodes at once 4. All of the above ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 69 What does the phrase microsegmentation with scalability mean? 1. The ability to increase network size without creating collisions domains 2. The ability to put a huge number of hosts on one switch 3. The ability to broadcast to more nodes at once 4. All of the above ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 70 What needs to be done when deleting an entire VLAN? (Choose three.) 1. Enter database configuration mode. 2. Reboot the switch in order for the changes to take effect. 3. Use the negative form of the command that was used to create the VLAN. 4. Reassign the switch ports from the deleted VLAN to other VLANs if they are to be used. 5. Use the erase vlan command in global configuration mode. 6. Delete the vlan.dat file from flash. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 71 What needs to be done when deleting an entire VLAN? (Choose three.) 1. Enter database configuration mode. 2. Reboot the switch in order for the changes to take effect. 3. Use the negative form of the command that was used to create the VLAN. 4. Reassign the switch ports from the deleted VLAN to other VLANs if they are to be used. 5. Use the erase vlan command in global configuration mode. 6. Delete the vlan.dat file from flash. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 72 Which approach to assigning VLAN membership maximizes forwarding performance? 1. membership by MAC address 2. membership by logical address 3. membership by protocol 4. membership by port 5. membership by operating system ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 73 Which approach to assigning VLAN membership maximizes forwarding performance? 1. membership by MAC address 2. membership by logical address 3. membership by protocol 4. membership by port 5. membership by operating system ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 74 How does a bridge handle the frames that it receives? (Choose three.) 1. If the source is unknown, the source port is shutdown. 2. If the source port of a frame is unknown, a bridge will issue an ARP request. 3. If the destination is on another segment, the bridge forwards the frame only to the correct interface. 4. A bridge forwards frames for unknown destinations to the default gateway. 5. If the destination port is unknown, a bridge will flood the frame to all ports in the broadcast domain, except for the source port. 6. If the destination of the frame is on the same segment as the source, a bridge will not forward the frame. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 75 How does a bridge handle the frames that it receives? (Choose three.) 1. If the source is unknown, the source port is shutdown. 2. If the source port of a frame is unknown, a bridge will issue an ARP request. 3. If the destination is on another segment, the bridge forwards the frame only to the correct interface. 4. A bridge forwards frames for unknown destinations to the default gateway. 5. If the destination port is unknown, a bridge will flood the frame to all ports in the broadcast domain, except for the source port. 6. If the destination of the frame is on the same segment as the source, a bridge will not forward ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 76 A network administrator is attempting to configure routing between VLANs over a trunked link. A trunk link cannot be established between a switch and a router. Which of the following are possible sources of this problem? (Choose two.) 1. The router IOS does not support trunking. 2. The port is connected and is not receiving alignment and FCS errors. 3. The switch duplex and speed are not set properly. 4. The router and switch are running different versions of STP. 5. The switch IP address is incorrectly configured. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 77 A network administrator is attempting to configure routing between VLANs over a trunked link. A trunk link cannot be established between a switch and a router. Which of the following are possible sources of this problem? (Choose two.) 1. The router IOS does not support trunking. 2. The port is connected and is not receiving alignment and FCS errors. 3. The switch duplex and speed are not set properly. 4. The router and switch are running different versions of STP. 5. The switch IP address is incorrectly configured. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 78 Which of the following statements are true regarding a root bridge in a spanning tree topology? (Choose two.) 1. The root bridge timers control BPDU traffic on the network. 2. Only the show commands on the switch can display root bridge information. 3. It is the central point of a spanning tree topology. 4. Storm control is enabled by default. 5. VLANs cannot be trunked between switches until the root bridge has been elected. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 79 Which of the following statements are true regarding a root bridge in a spanning tree topology? (Choose two.) 1. The root bridge timers control BPDU traffic on the network. 2. Only the show commands on the switch can display root bridge information. 3. It is the central point of a spanning tree topology. 4. Storm control is enabled by default. 5. VLANs cannot be trunked between switches until the root bridge has been elected. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 80 Which factors influence the number of VLANs that may be required on a switch? (Choose three.) 1. the physical addressing scheme 2. traffic patterns in the network 3. types of applications in use 4. the adaptability of the network 5. workgroup functions and commonality 6. the tagging option used for VLAN identification ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 81 Which factors influence the number of VLANs that may be required on a switch? (Choose three.) 1. the physical addressing scheme 2. traffic patterns in the network 3. types of applications in use 4. the adaptability of the network 5. workgroup functions and commonality 6. the tagging option used for VLAN identification ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 82 What is true of the method by which VLAN membership is identified in Ethernet frames? (Choose two.) 1. The frame header is in its original format when it reaches the endpoint device. 2. The VLAN membership of frames does not need to be identified unless ISL is in use. 3. The Ethernet frame is encapsulated or modified with the VLAN ID information. 4. The VLAN ID is removed by the endpoint device upon delivery of the frame. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 83 What is true of the method by which VLAN membership is identified in Ethernet frames? (Choose two.) 1. The frame header is in its original format when it reaches the endpoint device. 2. The VLAN membership of frames does not need to be identified unless ISL is in use. 3. The Ethernet frame is encapsulated or modified with the VLAN ID information. 4. The VLAN ID is removed by the endpoint device upon delivery of the frame. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 84 Which of the following commands are used to verify VLAN configuration? (Choose two.) 1. Switch# show vlan id id_number 2. Switch# show vlan 3. Switch# show config vlan id_number 4. Switch# show vlan config id_number 5. Switch# show interface vlan id_number ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 85 Which of the following commands are used to verify VLAN configuration? (Choose two.) 1. Switch# show vlan id id_number 2. Switch# show vlan 3. Switch# show config vlan id_number 4. Switch# show vlan config id_number 5. Switch# show interface vlan id_number ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 86 VLAN 10 needs to be removed from a switch. Which command must the administrator enter in order to accomplish this task? 1. Switch(config-if)# no switchport access vlan 10 2. Switch(config-if)# erase switchport access vlan 10 3. Switch(vlan)# no vlan 10 4. Switch(vlan)# no vlan database 10 ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 87 VLAN 10 needs to be removed from a switch. Which command must the administrator enter in order to accomplish this task? 1. Switch(config-if)# no switchport access vlan 10 2. Switch(config-if)# erase switchport access vlan 10 3. Switch(vlan)# no vlan 10 4. Switch(vlan)# no vlan database 10 ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 88 What needs to be done when deleting an entire VLAN? (Choose three.) 1. Enter database configuration mode. 2. Reboot the switch in order for the changes to take effect. 3. Use the negative form of the command that was used to create the VLAN. 4. Reassign the switch ports from the deleted VLAN to other VLANs if they are to be used. 5. Use the erase vlan command in global configuration mode. 6. Delete the vlan.dat file from flash. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 89 What needs to be done when deleting an entire VLAN? (Choose three.) 1. Enter database configuration mode. 2. Reboot the switch in order for the changes to take effect. 3. Use the negative form of the command that was used to create the VLAN. 4. Reassign the switch ports from the deleted VLAN to other VLANs if they are to be used. 5. Use the erase vlan command in global configuration mode. 6. Delete the vlan.dat file from flash. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 90 Which approach to assigning VLAN membership maximizes forwarding performance? 1. membership by MAC address 2. membership by logical address 3. membership by protocol 4. membership by port 5. membership by operating system ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 91 Which approach to assigning VLAN membership maximizes forwarding performance? 1. membership by MAC address 2. membership by logical address 3. membership by protocol 4. membership by port 5. membership by operating system ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 92 How does a bridge handle the frames that it receives? (Choose three.) 1. If the source is unknown, the source port is shutdown. 2. If the source port of a frame is unknown, a bridge will issue an ARP request. 3. If the destination is on another segment, the bridge forwards the frame only to the correct interface. 4. A bridge forwards frames for unknown destinations to the default gateway. 5. If the destination port is unknown, a bridge will flood the frame to all ports in the broadcast domain, except for the source port. 6. If the destination of the frame is on the same segment as the source, a bridge will not forward the frame. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 93 How does a bridge handle the frames that it receives? (Choose three.) 1. If the source is unknown, the source port is shutdown. 2. If the source port of a frame is unknown, a bridge will issue an ARP request. 3. If the destination is on another segment, the bridge forwards the frame only to the correct interface. 4. A bridge forwards frames for unknown destinations to the default gateway. 5. If the destination port is unknown, a bridge will flood the frame to all ports in the broadcast domain, except for the source port. 6. If the destination of the frame is on the same segment as the source, a bridge will not forward ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 94 A network administrator is attempting to configure routing between VLANs over a trunked link. A trunk link cannot be established between a switch and a router. Which of the following are possible sources of this problem? (Choose two.) 1. The router IOS does not support trunking. 2. The port is connected and is not receiving alignment and FCS errors. 3. The switch duplex and speed are not set properly. 4. The router and switch are running different versions of STP. 5. The switch IP address is incorrectly configured. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 95 A network administrator is attempting to configure routing between VLANs over a trunked link. A trunk link cannot be established between a switch and a router. Which of the following are possible sources of this problem? (Choose two.) 1. The router IOS does not support trunking. 2. The port is connected and is not receiving alignment and FCS errors. 3. The switch duplex and speed are not set properly. 4. The router and switch are running different versions of STP. 5. The switch IP address is incorrectly configured. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 96 Which of the following statements are true regarding a root bridge in a spanning tree topology? (Choose two.) 1. The root bridge timers control BPDU traffic on the network. 2. Only the show commands on the switch can display root bridge information. 3. It is the central point of a spanning tree topology. 4. Storm control is enabled by default. 5. VLANs cannot be trunked between switches until the root bridge has been elected. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 97 Which of the following statements are true regarding a root bridge in a spanning tree topology? (Choose two.) 1. The root bridge timers control BPDU traffic on the network. 2. Only the show commands on the switch can display root bridge information. 3. It is the central point of a spanning tree topology. 4. Storm control is enabled by default. 5. VLANs cannot be trunked between switches until the root bridge has been elected. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 98 Which factors influence the number of VLANs that may be required on a switch? (Choose three.) 1. the physical addressing scheme 2. traffic patterns in the network 3. types of applications in use 4. the adaptability of the network 5. workgroup functions and commonality 6. the tagging option used for VLAN identification ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 99 Which factors influence the number of VLANs that may be required on a switch? (Choose three.) 1. the physical addressing scheme 2. traffic patterns in the network 3. types of applications in use 4. the adaptability of the network 5. workgroup functions and commonality 6. the tagging option used for VLAN identification ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 100 What is true of the method by which VLAN membership is identified in Ethernet frames? (Choose two.) 1. The frame header is in its original format when it reaches the endpoint device. 2. The VLAN membership of frames does not need to be identified unless ISL is in use. 3. The Ethernet frame is encapsulated or modified with the VLAN ID information. 4. The VLAN ID is removed by the endpoint device upon delivery of the frame. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 101 What is true of the method by which VLAN membership is identified in Ethernet frames? (Choose two.) 1. The frame header is in its original format when it reaches the endpoint device. 2. The VLAN membership of frames does not need to be identified unless ISL is in use. 3. The Ethernet frame is encapsulated or modified with the VLAN ID information. 4. The VLAN ID is removed by the endpoint device upon delivery of the frame. ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 102 Which of the following commands are used to verify VLAN configuration? (Choose two.) 1. Switch# show vlan id id_number 2. Switch# show vlan 3. Switch# show config vlan id_number 4. Switch# show vlan config id_number 5. Switch# show interface vlan id_number ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 103 Which of the following commands are used to verify VLAN configuration? (Choose two.) 1. Switch# show vlan id id_number 2. Switch# show vlan 3. Switch# show config vlan id_number 4. Switch# show vlan config id_number 5. Switch# show interface vlan id_number ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 104 VLAN 10 needs to be removed from a switch. Which command must the administrator enter in order to accomplish this task? 1. Switch(config-if)# no switchport access vlan 10 2. Switch(config-if)# erase switchport access vlan 10 3. Switch(vlan)# no vlan 10 4. Switch(vlan)# no vlan database 10 ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 105 VLAN 10 needs to be removed from a switch. Which command must the administrator enter in order to accomplish this task? 1. Switch(config-if)# no switchport access vlan 10 2. Switch(config-if)# erase switchport access vlan 10 3. Switch(vlan)# no vlan 10 4. Switch(vlan)# no vlan database 10 ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 106 Module 3 VLANS END ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 107