Download Internet Infrastructure and Broadband

Internet Infrastructure and
Broadband Applications
Kazunori SUGIURA, PhD.
September 3rd, 2003
2017/5/25
1
About My Lecture
• Today
– Specifications of IPv6
– Demonstration using IPv4 and IPv6
2017/5/25
2
Topic
IPv4 and IPv6
2017/5/25
3
What is IPv6?
• New Internet Protocol
– We are currently using Version 4
– Next version is Version 6
Version 5 was being obsolete Version 6 is realized
• Pool of available IP address
– IP version 4
• ex.) 133.27.41.68
• 4 Byte, 32bit = 2^32
– 4,294,967,296 individuals
– IP Version 6
• ex.) 2001:8013:fe59::ffe0:0001
• 16 Byte, 128bit = 2^128
– 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 indivisuals
• Fixed header length
• Variety of option header
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4
So many addresses in IPv6?
• Address length is 128 bit
– 4 times longer compared to IPv4 address
– And the available address is …
• 2^128 available address pool
– Approx. 3.4×10^38
– Can identify 2.2×10^20 individuals in 1cm２
• Can you count?
– 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
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Address Scheme of IPv6
IPv6 Address
• IP address is 16bytes (128bit）
• If you try to write IPv6 address in similar format used in
IPv4:
– 123.123.123.123.123.123.123.123.123.123.123.123.123.123.123.
123
• Write IPv6 address in hexadecimal format
– “:” is used instead of “.”
– Continuous “0” can be abbreviated once
– Example:
3ffe:501:100c:d220:220:e0ff:fe89:dc8
3ffe:501:100c:1::1 = 3ffe:501:100c:1:0:0:0:1
– Prefix Length is shown in “/” Notation
3ffe:501:100c:1::1/64
• Means 64bit prefix
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Characteristics of IPv6
• Available pool of address space
–
–
–
–
–
–
128bit address
Anything can be connected to the networks
Home appliances, mobile phones, cars,
Performance improvements
Simple header for less load factor to relay system
Relay system does not fragment packets
• New Technology
– Automatic network configuration (Plug and Play)
– Mobility, Security, Scalability upgrade
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IPv4
0
31
Version Data length
Type of Service
(4bit)
(4bit)
(8bit)
Identification
Flag
(16bit)
(3bit)
Time to live
Protocol
(8bit)
(8bit)
Source address
(32bit)
Destination address
(32bit)
IP Options
(0 or more)
Packet length (byte)
(16bit)
Fragment offset
(13bit)
Header checksum
(16bit)
Padding
Data
32bit
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IPv6
0
Version
(3bit)
31
Traffic Class
(9bit)
Payload length
(16bit)
Flow label
(20bit)
Next header
(8bit)
Hop limit
(8bit)
Source address
(128bit)
Destination address
(128bit)
Extension header
(0 or more)
Data
32bit
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Windows XP supports IPv6
anonymous global address
public global address
link-local address
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3 different IP address for IPv6
• Global address
Unique address used to identification throughout the
network
• Link local address
Permitted only to the LAN segment of the network
devices which are connected to
• Site local address
Address used dedicatedly which is not connected to
the internet
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Global Address
• 3bit prefix…“001”
– IPv4: Class
• Interface ID is automatically configured with
hardware MAC address
3bit 13bit
001
TLA
ID
32bit
16bit
NLA ID
SLA ID
Public
Topology
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Site
Topology
64bit
Interface ID
Interface
Identification
13
Link local address
• Starts with “fe80”
• Do not send datagram starting with this address
– Ex. Automatic address configuration, finding nearest
nodes
10bit
1111111010
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54bit
0000 . . . . . . . 0000
64bit
Interface ID
14
Site local address
• Starts with “fec0”
• IPv6 router should not send datagram starting
with this address outside the site
10bit
38bit
1111111011 0000 . . . . 0000
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16bit
Subnet
ID
64bit
Interface ID
15
New technology in IPv6
How to retrieve IPv6 address
• Interface retrieves network information from the router
and configures IP address with own interface ID
Network ID
Router
128bit
interfaceID
Here is the
Network info!
• MAC address is (should be) unique
using it as a unique address in Internet
• Interface ID consists of 64 bit
• Objective of Network ID is to define positions
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DHCP in IPv4 vs.
Auto-Configuration in IPv6
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Static Address / Dynamic Address
• Static Address
– Fixed IP Address per machine
– ex. Desktop Machines, Printers, Servers
• Dynamic Address
– Mobility awareness
– Laptop Computers
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DHCP
•
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
1. Address request by the host
2. Address notification by the server
DHCP
Server
Give me
IP Address
Use
133.27.34.111
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DHCP
•
•
Address Spool
Information additional to IP address:
–
–
–
2017/5/25
Gateway address
Netmask
DNS Servers
21
INTERNET
Router
+
DHCP server
broadcast
DHCPDISCOVER
DHCP server?
DHCP client
DHCP Client searches for DHCP Server
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INTERNET
Router
+
DHCP server
OK! Here you go!
DHCPOFFER
DHCP client
Server offers an IP Address
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INTERNET
Router
+
DHCP server
DHCP request
Request!
DHCP client
Requests IP address
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INTERNET
Router
+
DHCP server
Acknowledged!
DHCPACK
DHCP client
Acknowledged by the server
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DHCP
IP:192.168.0.10
DNS:192.168.0.2
DefRouter:192.168.0.1
③
①
②
Ethernet
④
Address: 0.0.0.0
Default
Router
192.168.0.1
⑤
DHCP server A
192.168.0.0/24
③
Datalink: Broadcast
Subnet Broadcast
DNS
192.168.0.2
DHCP server B
Assign IP:192.168.0.10
DNS:192.168.0.2
DefRouter:192.168.0.1
①Connect host
② Search DHCP Server. Broadcast (DHCP DISCOVER)
③Offer dynamic IP address netmask nameserver by pool (DHCP OFFER)
④request address by the pool (DHCP REQUEST)
⑤Acknowledge (DHCP ACK)
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Difference between DHCP(IPv4) and IPv6
• IPv4（DHCP）
– DHCP distributes address pool predefined in the
configuration
• DHCP address needs to be reserved
• Different address may be reconfigured every time
• IPv6
– Address configured with network information and
Interface ID
• Address is already configured by the interface
• If used in same network, address will not change
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Performance Improvement in IPv6
• No Packet fragmentation in relay routers
– One of the reason for utilization in routers
MTU=1500
End Node
2017/5/25
MTU=1500
MTU=1454
Router
End Node
PPPoE
MTU=1454
End Node
MTU=1500
28
PMTUD (Path MTU Discovery)
• Check Minimum MTU on the route
MTU=1454!
End Node
2017/5/25
MTU=1454
MTU=1454
Router
End Node
PPPoE
MTU=1454
End Node
MTU=1454
29
Unique character in IPv6
• Protocol level extension availability
• Security awareness
– Security and authorization readiness
– IPsec is available in standard( IPv4 is optional )
• Authentication：
Authenticate if you are communicating with trusted host
• Encryption：
Cannot be decrypted during the network relays
• Using IPv6 extension header
• Priority controls
– Priority control for real time communications
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IPv4 to IPv6 (switching ?)
From IPv4 to IPv6
v4 only
•Partial IPv6
•Tunneling v4 backbone
v4 / v6
•Mostly IPv6
•IPv6 Native networs
•Different technology required during switching
•IPv6 cannot be correspondent to terminal or the network alone
•Finally it will likely to be like in the IPv4 infrastructure
2017/5/25
v6 only
32
Dual Stack
• IPv4/IPv6 can be used
• Server/Router/Client
• Until No IPv4 nodes are available
IPv4/v6
IPv4/v6
IPv6
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv6
IPv6
IPv4/v6
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Tunneling
• IPv6 network tunnels
through IPv4 network
(IPv4 network tunnels
through IPv6 network)
• Encapsulation mechanism
Beginning
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
IPv4
IPv6
Ending
IPv4
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IPv4
IPv4
IPv6
IPv4
34
Translator
• To communicate IPv4 only supported host to
IPv6 only supported host
• NAT,SOCKS, Layer realization
IPv6
2017/5/25
IPv4
35
Demonstration using IPv6
Ethernet Switch
100Base-T
IPv4 IPv6 Machine
Windows XP
2017/5/25
IPv4 IPv6 Machine
FreeBSD 4.8
IPv4 Only
Windows XP
36
Network at Home
Ipv6 Experimental
Backbone
KDD (Dion)
Internet Provider
The Internet
LAN Camera
100Base-FX
Wireless LAN
Station
FX-TX Converter
Ethernet Switch
100Base-T
PPPoE 1
Wireless LAN
Camera
PPPoE 2
LAPTOPS
FreeBSD Server
Router
FreeBSD Server
Web/DNS/DHCP/Mail
Windows XP
Machine
Ethernet Switch
100Base-T
Yamaha RTX-2000
Router
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LAPTOPS
Ethernet Switch
100Base-T
Ethernet Switch
100Base-T
Printer
37
Wireless Station
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Network Controlled Camera at Home
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Network Camera at Home
Wireless LAN Camera
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100Base-T Connected Camera
At my room
40
Configuration at Home
ip route default gateway pp 1
ip route 210.238.180.248/29 gateway 203.178.149.162
ip filter source-route on
ip filter directed-broadcast on
ipv6 route default gateway tunnel 1
ipv6 prefix 1 3ffe:8360:109d:1::/64
ip lan1.2 address 203.178.149.161/28
ip lan1.2 secondary address 192.168.0.254/24
ipv6 lan1.2 address 3ffe:8360:109d:1::1/64
ipv6 lan1.2 rtadv send 1
pp select 1
pp always-on on 60
pppoe use lan1.1
pppoe auto connect on
pppoe auto disconnect off
pp auth accept pap chap
pp auth myname [email protected] si6Jsid4
ppp lcp mru on 1454
ppp ipcp ipaddress on
ppp ipcp msext on
ppp ccp type none
ip pp mtu 1454
pp enable 1
tunnel select 1
tunnel encapsulation ipip
tunnel endpoint address 203.178.141.86
tunnel enable 1
dhcp service server
dhcp server rfc2131 compliant except remain-silent
dhcp scope 2 203.178.149.166-203.178.149.174/28 gateway 203.178.149.161
dhcp scope bind 2 203.178.149.166 ethernet 00:09:6b:82:7c:77
dhcp scope bind 2 203.178.149.167 ethernet 00:e0:18:7c:d2:93
dhcp scope bind 2 203.178.149.169 ethernet 00:80:f0:33:a1:5c
dns server 192.168.0.2 203.178.136.36 210.238.180.250 210.172.64.81
dns domain flets.yagami.wide.ad.jp
2017/5/25
pietoro% ifconfig -a
fxp0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 210.238.180.249 netmask 0xfffffff8 broadcast 210.238.180.255
inet6 fe80::290:fbff:fe81:b49%fxp0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet 203.178.149.162 netmask 0xfffffff0 broadcast 203.178.149.175
inet6 3ffe:8360:109d:1:290:fbff:fe81:b49 prefixlen 64
inet6 3ffe:8360:109d:1::2 prefixlen 64
ether 00:90:fb:81:0b:49
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
fxp1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::290:fbff:fea1:13d1%fxp1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2
ether 00:90:fb:a1:13:d1
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
fxp2: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:90:fb:a1:13:d2
media: Ethernet autoselect (none)
status: no carrier
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
tun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1454
inet 192.168.0.4 --> 211.5.4.70 netmask 0xffffff00
Opened by PID 58
41
‘Peer to Peer’ rendezvous architecture
Geographical Location
Rendezvous Space
Auction
Rendesvous Space
Chat
Rendezvous Space
Global Rendezvous Space by DNS
ＩＳＰ connection
Opt. Fiber
Data
Center
IPv6 address pool
ＡＳＤＬ
Digital
Mobile
ＣＡＴＶ
Mobile
Broadcasts
Auth.
Security
ＩＰ
phone
Home
Router
Wireless
ＬＡＮ
Fast
routing
Traffic analysis
Ｅｎｄ‐ｔｏ‐Ｅｎｄ
Com.
2017/5/25
Bi streaming
Streaming
Remote
Access
42
Live weather station at Tokyo
2017/5/25
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IPv6 readiness
IPv6 Ready!
• UNIX based platforms
– Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, Solaris8
• Windows
– 2000, XP
• Macintosh
– Mac OS X
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IPv6 Ready applications – windows
• server
– Apache 2.0.43 / 1.3.27
• client – www
– Internet Explorer
– WWWC 1.0.2
– Wget 1.7
• client – telnet/ssh
– Tera Term Pro 2.3 + TTSSH
1.5.4
– PortForwarder 1.1.1
• client – FTP
– FFFTP 1.82
– NcFTP 3.0.4
2017/5/25
• client – etc
–
–
–
–
Meadow 1.15
Emacs 21.1
NTEmacs 20.7
ActivePerl 5.6.1.633
• Socket6 port for Win32
• patch for IM
– Ruby 1.6.7
– Cygwin 1.3.12-4
• Application List on
Cygwin/Mingw
– WinPcap 2.2beta & WinDump
3.5.2a
– Runtime Library for MSVC++
7.0 (mfc70.dll and msvcr70.dll)
46
IPv6 stacks
• Implementations
• KAME(http://www.kame.
net) BSD IPv6 stacks
• USAGI(http://www.linuxipv6.org/) Linux IPv6
stacks
Mac
UNIX
OS X
*BSD
KAME
2017/5/25
• MSR(http://www.researc
h.microsoft.com/)
Microsoft Research
• WindowsXP includes IPv6
stacks by default
Windows
Linux
2000
USAGI
MSR IPv6
XP
XP SP1
XP IPv6
47
IPv6 Services
How to realize IPv6
• IPv6 readiness check
• IPv6 ready machines and informations
– IPv6 capable router
– At least one IPv4 global address for tunneling
– DNS Server
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Windows XP （1/3）
• SP1
• Ipconfig
• Ipv6 if
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Windows XP（2/3）
• Install IPv6
– Ipconfig
ipv6 if
– Ipv6 install
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Windows XP（ 3/3）
• IPv6
confirmation
– ipconfig
– ipv6 if
– ping6
– http://www.k
ame.net
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Let’s feel the Broadband applications
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Sending video and audio streams
SQXGA (3840x2400) 13.1Gbps
Hi Vision
DVCPRO
MPEG2TS HQ
DVTS
MPEG2TS Hi-vision
DVD MPEG2 Formats
MPEG2TS Streams
MPEG1 Streams (VCD)
DTS 5.1ch Surround
Dolby Digital 5.1ch
MP3 Audio
MPEG4 Video Streams
VoIP
10K
100K
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
Bandwidth (bps)
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Video and Audio Streams using modem
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During 1996: Streamworks at 54K
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Some Video streams demonstration
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DVTS ( Digital Video Transport System)
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Motivations
• To establish a real-time video conferencing
system with…
– High quality video and audio features
– NTSC quality video
– >CD quality audio
– Direct NTSC conversion through media converter
– Broadband(high speed) network availability
– Target:
• LAN based conference
–
–
–
–
> 100Base-T Ethernet
Multicast communications
Availability via WAN.
IPv6 support
• Real time streaming application
Transporting Digital Video is a GOOD Solution!
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Characteristics of DV
• DV Format:
– 720 x 480 Pixel
• Requires bandwidth over 30Mbps
• When using NTSC output video(525i)
– Interlace scan
– 525 lines
– 29.97 frames per second
• 525p(progressive scan will be available)
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DV Transport System
Consumer DV Camera
Consumer DV
IEEE1394
IEEE1394
Internet
DV Encapsulation
DV→Internet PC
2017/5/25
Internet →DV PC
61
DV Transport System
Consumer DV Camera
Consumer DV
IEEE1394
IEEE1394
Internet
DV→Internet PC
2017/5/25
Internet →DV PC
62
DV Transport System
Consumer DV Camera
Consumer DV
IEEE1394
IEEE1394
Internet
DV de capsulation
DV→Internet PC
2017/5/25
Internet →DV PC
63
Frame Discard and Bandwidth
（計算値）
10Mbps>
2017/5/25
Full Rate Audio : 2.64 MBps
Full Rate Video : 27.58Mbps
10
9
Video
Audio
Audio
1/
Packet discard level
1/
8
1/
7
1/
6
1/
5
1/
4
1/
3
1/
2
5Mbps>
1/
fu
ll
（Mbps)
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
64
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Resource Friendly Platform
Requirements for Portable Computers
Using Broadband Applications
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Motivations
• Maximizing the resource
What?conservation
When?
using the broadband network applications
While?
using the portable computers (Note PCs)
in ?
IPv4 and IPv6 networks
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Focuses
USER
MPEG4
Player
DVTS
Applications
MPEG2
Player
DVoD
IPv4
Network
100Base-T
Ethernet
2017/5/25
Wireless
LAN
IPv6
Network
Processor
Memory
BUS
Disk
Display
69
Goals
• Realization of …
– Economical resource
management to broadband
network applications
Conserve power consumption
地球にやさしい
Nature Friendly
(c) 東京電力
Applying to the IPv6 application environment
2017/5/25
IPv6 is a nature friendly environment
70
Power Conservation
• Power conservation in IPv6 environment
– Scalability enhancement in IPv6 architecture
– For example:
• Consuming 1Watt of electricity per PC.
– Thinking of how many machines are connected in IPv6?
Popularization of IPv6 network environment
Enhancement in
power conservation
movement
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Construction of Note PCs
• Processors:
–
–
–
–
Traditional Pentium III, Pentium 4, Celeron
Mobile Pentium III Pentium 4, Mobile Celeron
Transmeta Crusoe
Mobile AMD K6
• Memory:
– SDRAM, DDR-SDRAM
– 128MB and up
• Networks:
–
–
–
–
Internal 100Base-TX Ethernet
Internal 802.11b wireless network
Internal Bluetooth network
PCMCIA based network connection
» 10,100Base-TX Ethernet
» 802.11a,11g wireless LAN
– USB based network connection
» USB Ethernet
• Battery operation:
– Li-ION battery
• IEEE1394 Interface
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Considering Broadband Applications using Note
PCs
• Lot’s of resources to use
– Processors
– Video Chips
– Network Interface
• Ethernet Interface
• Wireless Networks
– Disk Storage
• Downloading
– IEEE1394 Interface
• Using Consumer DA/AD Media Converter (Camera)
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Measurement
of
Power Consumption
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Measuring Resource Consumption
• Resource consumption measurement based
upon…
• Power Consumption
– Active measurement
• Realistic measurement with oscilloscope
• Accurate measurements including
– DC-DC converter internal losses
– Passive measurement
• Information given by devices
– Power consumption ratio
– Power consumption ratio by battery
Active measurement probes higher measurements compared to passive measurement
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AC Inlet
AC to DC Adapter
DVTS
Voltage Probe
Current Probe
Digital Storage Oscilloscope
Probed through
the device
2017/5/25
DVTS based PC (Crusoe)
( Battery removed )
76
Average Power Consumption of the
Note PC
Running Application: DVTS (dvrecv)
FreeBSD 4 (IPv6)
Network interface
12%
Motherboard
(Processor)
45%
LCD driver
10%
Disk storage
18%
LCD backlight
15%
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Average Power Consumption
of Note PC (2)
Running Application: DVTS (dvrecv)
Windows XP (IPv6)
(DirectShow Viewer)
Network interface,
12%
LCD driver, 14%
Motherboard
(Processor), 52%
Disk storage, 10%
LCD backlight, 12%
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Difference Between IPv4 and IPv6
Operating
System
FreeBSD +
KAME
Base
Protocol
Total Power
Consumption
(W)
Network
Interface
Power (W)
Percentage
IPv4
21.10
2.69
12.75
105.4%
IPv6
22.25
2.72
12.25
IPv4
25.50
2.73
10.70
Windows
XP
104.1%
IPv6
26.55
2.85
10.75
IPv4
22.25
2.69
12.10
Linux +
Usagi
105.6%
IPv6
2017/5/25
23.50
2.71
11.55
Machine: ThinkPad T23 (Mobile Pentium III 1GHz) Memory: 512MB
( FULL Speed , No Power Conservation )
Running Application: DVTS (dvrecv)
79
Power Consumption
in IPv6 (Summary)
• Tends to use more power on
– Processors and memory ( Average 4% + )
• Slight power consumption raise in
– Network Interface ( 100Base-T Ethernet )
• Operating System Comparison:
• Power hungry Operating System of the Year
• Reasons:
WINDOWS XP
– Direct show Video playback ( Uses Processor and Video )
– Complex OS Structure
• Compared to FreeBSD, Windows XP Consumes 11.9% more
energy
2017/5/25
RESULTS: Using Windows XP is not Nature Friendly!
80
Consideration of
Power Conservation
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81
Running Application in Note PCs
• Autonomous power management functions
– Such as:
– Processor power management
» Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS)
– Bus power management
– Interface power management
» TDM Algorithms on wireless networks
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Processor Frequency,
Utilization, and Voltage
2017/5/25
Frequency
(MHz)
300
Voltage
(v)
1.20
Throttle
(%)
0
366
1.23
33
433
1.40
66
533
1.55
100
83
Power Conservation based on
Dynamic Voltage Scaling
Processor Performance Index
Processor Performance Index
60
Machine:
Fujitsu LOOX
533MHz Crusoe 5600
OS: FreeBSD Crunch
Base: 4.3-Release
50
40
Processor Performance Index
30
20
10
8.9W
00
00
20
Power
Consumption(W)
2017/5/25
6.7W
5.9W
40
60
8.9W
Power Consumption
4.0W
80
100
Time(Seconds)
84
Arbitrary Resource Management
• To maximize the usage in battery operation:
– Portable computers automatically adjusts:
– Processor clocks
– Bus clock
– Processor voltage
• By the hardware monitoring method based on:
– Utilization
– Power consumption limitation (battery, DC converter)
– Temperature
– SOME WITHOUT ANY NOTIFICATION!!!
Disabling the feature to minimize the packet losses
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Monitoring and Configuration
Mechanism for Devices
• Monitoring and configuration mechanism
– Device environment
• ACPI
– Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
• State Handler
– Monitors and configures device by accessing ACPI
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DVTS
Monitoring
Configuration
Application
traditional
device driver
ACPI common
interface
Memory
HDD
Device driver status
monitor
Display
ACPI
implementation
Key
board
Mouse
IEEE
1394
Various devices
2017/5/25
ACPI common
interface communication
layer
ACPI driver
Operating system
Kernel
CPU
State handler
daemon
OS Independent Layer
100BT Battery
Serial
ACPI
implementation
communication layer
Device IOCTL
specific layer
87
Processor
Device
configuration
PCI BUS
temperature
AC adapter
frequency
Cooling
fan
voltage
Performance
254
Highest
capacity
Environment
utilization
0
Lowest
Battery
Power management
0
1
2
3
On
Sleep
LCD
Deep Sleep
Off
HDD
Configuration
2017/5/25
Network
interface
power consumption
state
Monitor
88
% getacpiinfo -t ACPI_BATTERY all
---------- Battery Status ---------Manufacture:
Panasonic
Manufacture Date:
2001,8,8
Production Date:
2001,9
Serial No:
10091
OEM Optional Field 1:
1Z43TS3108
Battery Name:
FMLBP102
Device:
Li-ION
Battery Amount(Wh):
38.20
Battery Voltage(V):
10.80
---------- Operating Status ---------State:
Charging
Left(%):
21
Time left Charged(min):
95
Amount Left(Wh):
8.23
Full Amount(Wh):
37.21
Current(A):
2.68
Voltage(V):
11.80
Power(W):
31.62
Temp(c):
19
Charge Cycle:
34
% getacpiinfo -t ACPI_PROCESSOR mode
Processor_type:
LongRun
Current Mode:
Performance Mode
Clock(MHz)
300
Voltage(V):
1.20
Throttle(%):
0
2017/5/25
Sample Application
89
Sample of
Arbitrary Management
2017/5/25
90
Measurement Sample
• Running Note PCs in high utilization
– Full specification
– Full speed
Some Note PCs are not applicable to run at high utilization for long period
2017/5/25
91
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
3
Power
Consumption
1
Watts(VA)
Power Consumption
Samples(5Sec Int.)
Processor Clock(Bus Clock)
400
350
Clock(MHz)
300
250
200
Processor Clock
150
100
50
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
0
Samples(5Sec Int.)
Processor temp
50
Temp(C)
48
46
44
Processor temp
42
40
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
38
Samples(5Sec Int.)
2017/5/25
92
Using DVTS in High Utilization
• Running DVTS under…
– Dynamic Voltage Scaling
– High utilization
– IPv6 environment
2017/5/25
93
Packet Losses Created by
Power Management
Packet Losses(Packets)
Processor Performance Index
160
140
120
100
80
Increase of packet losses
60
40
Variation of power consumption
by power management
20
00
00
Power Consumption(W)
2017/5/25
20
40
60
80
100
Time(Seconds)
Time(Seconds)
94
Solutions
• Device configuration mechanism to
– Adapt optimized device configuration in
• Power managed mode
• Use optimal power in a deadline
– Modification of DVTS
• Dynamically configure the device mode
Collaboration with state handler daemon
2017/5/25
95
Traditional
DVTS
ACPI aware
DVTS
State handler
daemon
ACPI API
traditional
device driver
ACPI common
interface
Memory
HDD
Device driver status
monitor
ACPI driver
Operating system
Kernel
CPU
Display
ACPI
implementation
Key
board
Mouse
IEEE
1394
Various devices
2017/5/25
ACPI common
interface communication
layer
OS Independent Layer
100BT Battery
Serial
ACPI
implementation
communication layer
Device IOCTL
specific layer
96
DVTS Device Optimization
• Processor throttle indicator and configuration
• Dynamic processor and bus clock control
– To meet the 16msec deadline ( DV packet deadline )
– Adjusting throttle level of CPU Utilization to next
DVS steps.
• Interrupt aggregation of Ethernet interface
– Aggregate interrupt for packet receive
» Maximum buffer size = RXIO buf in controller
» Before it reaches the 16msec interval
2017/5/25
97
Resource managed mode
Packet Loss
Processor
Throttle
2017/5/25
96
91
86
81
71
101
Time(Seconds)
66
61
56
51
46
41
36
31
26
21
16
11
6
1
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
76
Packet Losses
Processor Throttle
98
Optimizing wireless transmission
• Optimization of 802.11b transmission of DVTS( 1/10
frame rate ) for 1 hour
– Sending Constant Bit rate transfer (CBQ)
VS
– Sending burst traffic based on 160uS (1/100) period
• 802.11b power managed mode in Fixed idle algorithm (10us)
Network
Power
Consumption
Packet Loss
CBR
19.86Wh
3%
Burst
2017/5/25
18.20Wh
8%
9.1%
99
Power Conservation
Condition: No Packet losses, DV Packet Deadline timing >= 16ms
Tests: 1 Hour
Operating
System
FreeBSD +
KAME
2017/5/25
Base
Protocol
Power
Consumption
(Wh)
Conservation
Mode
(Wh)
Percentage
IPv4
21.10
17.60
83.84
IPv6
22.25
18.00
80.90
Machine: ThinkPad T23 (Mobile Pentium III 1GHz) Memory: 512MB
( FULL Speed , No Power Conservation )
Running Application: DVTS (dvrecv)
100
Demo
2017/5/25
101
Battery Capacity
100
Battery Capacity
80
Processor adaptation +
Interrupt decrease +
Device adaptation
60
Processor adaptation +
Interrupt decrease
40
Processor adaptation
Original system
20
00
00
2017/5/25
.
20
40
60
80
100 120
Running Time(minutes)
102
Interrupts
Number of Interrupts
16000
DVTS
14000
12000
Traditional
10000
8000
6000
INTR1
4000
INTR2
2000
0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56
Number of Interrupts
Seconds
2017/5/25
103
Contribution to the
IPv6 Development
• Unique roadmaps considering power
consumption based resource management over
IPv6 networks
• Goals to implement IPv6 in less power
consumption compared to legacy IPv4
• Benchmark schemes for IPv6 platforms
depending on power consumption
More people using IPv6
2017/5/25
More power conservation!!104
Rally Raid Mongol 1996
Immarsat 64Kbps network
2017/5/25
105
Infrastructure
• Power Supply
• Stable Operation
– UPS
2017/5/25
106