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Transcript
Introduction to Computer Networks Chapter 2 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKS Learning outcomes The difference between networks and internets The difference between logical and physical addresses What is a protocol in the context of computer networking How protocols are used on remote computers to communicate easily Explain the concept of layering – – – OSI , TCP/IP and hybrid models Reading Joe Casad, Teach Yourself TCP/IP, Chs 1-2 William Buchana, Mastering the Internet, Ch. 3 Neil Briscoe, Understanding the 7-layer OSI model, July 2000. – http://pcnetworkadvisor.com Julian Moss, Understanding TCP/IP (first part September 1997) – http://pcnetworkadvisor.com What is a network? A network consists of two or more computers connected by network media – – – – .i.e cables, telephone lines, radio waves share the same resources such as database, printer Exchange files Exchange electronic message between each others Email Example of a simple network How are they linked? Computers on a network may be linked through: – – – – cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites or wireless technologies An example of a network Router Hub Bridge Hub Internet Segment Node Introduction to Computer Networks Applications of Networks Resource Sharing Hardware (computing resources, disks, printers) Software (application software) Information Sharing Easy accessibility from anywhere (files, databases) Search Capability (WWW) Communication Email Message broadcast Remote computing Distributed processing (GRID Computing) Categories of networks Local Area Network • A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among computer devices, usually within an office building or home • LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware devices that may be needed by multiple users • Is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters, and no more than a mile • Is very fast, with speeds from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps • Requires very little wiring, typically a single cable connecting to each device • Has lower cost compared to MAN’s or WAN’s LAN LAN (Continued) Metropolitan-Area Networks (MAN) • MAN is designed extended over an entire city. • May be wholly owned and operated by a private company, or it may be a service provided by a public company, such as a local telephone company. Wide-Area Networks (WAN) •Provides long-distance transmission of data, voice, image, and video information over large geographic areas WAN (Continued) – WANs connect larger areas, such as whole states, or even the world. – Transoceanic cables and satellites are used to connect WANs