Download Extended Learning Module D: Network Basics

Extended Learning Module D
Network Basics
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D-1
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Main Map





Peer-to-Peer Home Networks
Internet Access
Business Networks
LANs, MANs, WANs, and
Communications Media
Communications Service Providers
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D-2
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Introduction

Whether you are
Surfing the web
 Accessing software at school or
 Sending email
Your computer is part of a network

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D-3
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Introduction

Computer network - two or more
computers connected so that they can
communicate with each other and share
information, software, peripheral devices,
and/or processing power.
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D-4
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Introduction
Basic Principles of Networks
1.
2.
3.
4.
Each computer must have a network card.
A network has at least one connecting device.
There must be communications media
connecting the network hardware devices.
Each computer must have software that
supports the movement of information.
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D-5
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Introduction
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D-6
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Networks





Peer-to-Peer Home Networks 
Internet Access
Business Networks
LANs, MANs, WANs, and
Communications Media
Communications Service Providers
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D-7
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network

Peer-to-peer network - a network in which
a small number of computers share
hardware, software and/or information.
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D-8
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network

You can setup a small peer-to-peer
network
With Ethernet cards and dedicated cables
 Using the existing phone wiring

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D-9
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Home Network Components

Network interface card
(NIC) - an expansion card
or a PC Card that connects
your computer to a network
and provides the doorway
for information to flow in
and out.
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D-10
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Home Network Components

Ethernet card - the most common type of
network interface card.
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D-11
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Home Network Components

Network hub - a device that connects multiple
computers into a network with only one
communications link at a time.

Switch - a device that connects multiple
computers into a network in which multiple
communications links can be in operation
simultaneously.
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D-12
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Home Network Components
Figure D.1
Hub, Switch, and Router as Roadway Intersections
page 428
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D-13
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Home Network Components

Router - a device
that acts as a smart
hub connecting
computers into a
network, and it also
separates your
network from any
other network it’s
connected to.
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D-14
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Home Network Components
Figure D.2
Typical Home
Network
page 429
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D-15
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Home Network Components


Firewall - software and/or hardware that
protects a computer or network from
intruders.
Cat 5, or Category 5 cable
- a better-constructed
version of the phone twistedpair cable.
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D-16
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Wireless Access to Your Home Network

Wireless network access point or
wireless access point - a device that
allows computers to access a wired
network using radio waves.
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D-17
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Wireless Access to Your Home Network

WiFi, Wireless Fidelity, or IEEE 802.11b - a way of
transmitting information in wave form that is reasonably
fast and is often used for notebooks.

Bluetooth technology - provides entirely wireless
connections for all kinds of communication devices.
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D-18
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Home Network with Existing Phone Wiring

Home PNA (Home Phone line Networking
Alliance) - allows you to network your home
computers using telephone wiring.

PNA adapter card - an expansion card that you
put into your computer to act as an doorway for
information flowing in and out.
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D-19
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Peer-to-Peer Home Network
Home Network with Existing Phone Wiring
Figure D.3
Home PDA Network
page 430
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D-20
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access





Peer-to-Peer Home Networks
Internet Access
Business Networks
LANs, MANs, WANs, and
Communications Media
Communications Service Providers
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D-21
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access
Ways to Access the Internet at Home
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Telephone line and a telephone or dial-up modem.
Telephone line and a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
modem.
Cable TV line and a cable modem.
Satellite dish and a satellite modem.
Provider that offers wireless connection for your
notebook.
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D-22
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access

Broadband - a high-capacity
telecommunications pipeline capable
of providing high-speed Internet
service.
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D-23
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access
Telephone or Dial-Up Connection

Telephone modem - a device that connects your
computer to your phone line so that you can access
another computer or network.
Figure D.4
The Role of a Telephone Modem
page 431
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D-24
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - a high-speed Internet
connection using phone lines, which allows you to use
your phone for voice communications at the same
time.
Figure D.5
DSL Internet Access
page 432
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D-25
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access
Cable Modem

Cable modem - a device that uses your TV cable to
deliver an Internet connection.
Figure D.6
Cable Internet
Access
page 433
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D-26
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access
Internet over Satellite

Satellite modem - a modem that allows you to get
Internet access from a satellite dish.
Figure D.7
Satellite Internet
Access
page 434
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D-27
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access
Internet Access on Multiple Computers

Network address translator (NAT) – swaps
messages between the private, internal IP
addresses, and the public IP address,
when moving information between the
Internet and network computers.
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D-28
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access
Wireless Internet Connection

Wireless Internet service provider
(wireless ISP) - does the same job as
standard Internet service providers except
that you don’t need a wired connection for
access.
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D-29
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Internet Access
Wireless Internet Connection

Personal digital assistant (PDA) - a small
hand-held computer that helps you surf the Web
and perform simple tasks such as note taking,
calendaring, appointment scheduling, and
maintaining an address book.


Palms and Handspring - run on the Palm
Operating System
PocketPCs - run on Pocket PC OS
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D-30
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks





Peer-to-Peer Home Networks
Internet Access
Business Networks 
LANs, MANs, WANs, and
Communications Media
Communications Service Providers
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D-31
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks

Client/server network - a network in
which one or more computers are servers
and provide services to the other
computers which are called clients.
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D-32
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Business View

Client/server networks differ according to
three factors:



Where the processing for the presentation of
information occurs.
Where the processing of logic or business rules
occurs.
Where the data management component (DBMS)
and information (database) are located.
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D-33
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Business View
Figure D.8
Model 5: A
Personal Data
Warehouse in a
Client/Server
Implementation
page 436
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D-34
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Business View
Team Work
What Sort of Computer Network
Does Your School Have?
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D-35
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Business View
The Five Models of Client/Server
1.
Distributed Presentation

2.
Remote Presentation

3.
The server handles almost all functions, including a major portion of
the presentation.
The client handles all presentation functions.
Distributed Logic

The server handles all data management and the client handles all
presentation formatting, and the logic processing is shared.
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D-36
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Business View
4.
Remote Data Management

5.
The server handles data management only, and the client
processes business rules and formats the presentation of
results.
Distributed Data Management

The client handles all presentation formatting and business rule
processing, and both the server and client share data
management duties.
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D-37
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Business View
Figure D.9
Five Models for Client/Server
Implementation
page 438
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D-38
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Business View
On Your Own
How Is a Server Different
From a Client?
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D-39
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Physical View


There are many physical
implementations of client/server
networks
Conceptually, large networks work on
the same principles as small ones
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D-40
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Physical View

You still need
 Network cards
 Hubs
 Switches
 Routers
 Communications media and
 Network operating systems
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D-41
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Business View
Figure D.10
Model 3: Client/Server
Implementation for
Employee Pay Raises
page 440
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D-42
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Physical View

Communications protocol (protocol) - a
set of rules that every computer follows to
transfer information.
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D-43
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Business Networks
Client/Server: A Physical View
Figure D.11
A Typical Client / Server
Network for a MediumSized Business
page 441
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D-44
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, MANs and
Communications Media





Peer-to-Peer Home Networks
Internet Access
Business Networks
LANs, MANs, WANs, and
Communications Media

Communications Service Providers
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D-45
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Classification of Networks by
Geographic Distance

Local area network (LAN) - covers a limited geographic distance,
such as an office, building, or a group of buildings in close proximity
to each other.

Municipal area network (MAN) - covers a metropolitan area.

Wide area network (WAN) – covers a large geographic distances,
such as a state, a country, or even the entire world.
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D-46
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Telecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information

Communications media - the paths, or physical
channels, in a network over which information travels.

Wired communications media - transmit information
over a closed, connected path.

Wireless communications media - transmit information
through the air.
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D-47
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Telecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information

Wired Communications Media include:



Twisted-pair cable
Coaxial cable
Optical Fiber
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D-48
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Telecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information

Wireless Communications Media Include:



Microwave
Satellite
Infrared
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D-49
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Bandwidth

Bandwidth - refers to the amount of
information that a communications
medium can transfer in a given amount of
time.
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D-50
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Wired Communications Media

The simplest type of twisted-pair phone cabling
(Cat 1) provides a slow, fairly reliable path for
information at up to 64 kilobits per second
(Kbps).

A better type (Cat 3) provides up to 10 megabits
per second (Mbps).
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D-51
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Wired Communications Media

Coaxial cable (coax) - one central wire
surrounded by insulation, a metallic shield, and
a final case of insulating material.

Coax is the kind of cable that
delivers cable television
transmissions and also carries
satellite TV from the dish to
your house.
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D-52
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Wired Communications Media

Optical fiber - uses a very thin glass or
plastic fiber through which pulses of light
travel.
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D-53
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Wireless Communications Media

Wireless communications media radiate
information into the air, either very
narrowly beamed or in many directions like
ripples from a pebble tossed into a pond.
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D-54
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Infrared and Omnidirectional Microware for Short Distances

Infrared - a wireless communications medium that uses
radio waves to transmit signals or information.

Microwave transmission - a type of radio transmission.


Bluetooth
WiFi
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D-55
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Directional Microware for Medium Distances

Repeater - a device that receives a radio
signal, strengthens it and sends it on.
Figure D.12
Microwave
Transmission
page 444
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D-56
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications Media
Satellites for Long Distance

Communications satellites - microwave
repeaters in space.
Figure D.13
Satellite
Transmission
page 445
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M
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D-57
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Communications Service Providers





Peer-to-Peer Home Networks
Internet Access
Business Networks
LANs, MANs, WANs, and
Communications Media
Communications Service Providers 
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D-58
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Communications Service Providers

Communications service providers - third
parties who furnish the conduit for information.

Public network - a network on which your
organization competes for time with others.
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D-59
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Communications Service Providers
Figure D.14
Comparison of
Types of
Network
Ownership
page 446
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D-60
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Communications Service Providers

Private network - communications media that your
organization owns or exclusively leases to connect
networks or network components.

Value-added network (VAN) - a semipublic network that
provides services beyond the movement of information
from one place to another.
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D-61
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Communications Service Providers

Virtual private network (VPN) – uses
software to establish a secure channel on
the Internet for transmitting data.
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D-62
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Communications Service Providers
Key Considerations for Communications Media

To determine the most appropriate
communications medium, you
must consider:





Capacity
Reliability
Cost
Distance
Mobility
Team Work
What’s the Big Deal
with Frequencies?
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D-63
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Summary
Student Learning Outcomes
1.
2.
3.
4.
Identify and describe the four basic concepts
on which networks are built.
Describe how to set up a small peer-to-peer
network at home.
Compare and contrast the various Internet
connection possibilities.
Describe client/server business networks from
a business and physical point of view.
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D-64
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Summary
Student Learning Outcomes
5.
6.
Define and compare local area networks
(LANs), municipal area networks
(MANs), and wide area networks
(WANs).
Compare and contrast the types of
communications media.
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M
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D-65
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved
Summary
Assignments & Exercises
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Investigate Cell Phone Technology
Find out about Personal Digital Assistants
What Are the Internet Access Options in Your
Area?
Investigate Building Your Own Home Network
Investigate Satellite Radio
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M
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D-66
Management Information Systems
for the Information Age
Second Canadian Edition
Copyright 2004
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved