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CHAPTER Protocols and IEEE Standards Chapter Objectives • Discuss different protocols pertaining to communications and networking MODULE Important Communication and Networking Protocols ISO-OSI Seven Layer Model Recalled Layer 7 Application Layer 6 Presentation Layer 5 Session Layer 4 Transport Layer 3 Network Layer 2 Data Link Layer 1 Physical Source: http://starter.sdsu.edu/remote/demo/osi-tcp.html Comparison of ISO-OSI Model and the DOD (TCP/IP) Model Source: http://starter.sdsu.edu/remote/demo/osi-tcp.html Application Presentation Application Session Transport Host-to-Host Network Internet Data Link Physical Network Access Layer Reference to Protocol Recalled Application Presentation Application FTP, Telnet, SMTP, HTTP.. Session Transport Host-to-Host TCP, UDP Network Internet IP, ICMP Data Link Network Access Ethernet, Token-Ring ... Physical Source: http://starter.sdsu.edu/remote/demo/osi-tcp.html POP/SMTP • Protocol used in electronic mail transfer – Between the mail server and the mail client • POP – Incoming mail • IMAP – Incoming mail – More advanced and has more features than POP3 – The later version is IMAP4 • SMTP – Outgoing mail FTP • File Transfer Protocol • File transfer between a client and an FTP server • Uses ports 20 and 21 Telnet • Supports terminal emulation or host sessions • For example, Telnet can be used for accessing a Unix machine and emulating a terminal attached to the Unix computer DNS • Directory service protocol • Domain Names Service (DNS) • Used for resolving domain names to IP addresses and vise versa NFS • Protocol for Network File Service • For example, enable a Unix machine to function as a file server and serve files to Windows clients ARP • Address Resolution Protocol • Enables the IP and MAC addresses of clients to be identified for transmission of data SNMP • Used by network management utilities to manage network devices • For example, a manageable hub that support SNMP can be managed from a remote location using a SNMP based LAN management software IGMP • Internet Group Management Protocol • Used in multicasting ICMP • Internet Management Control Protocol – Used in network error reporting – Used by network administrators to poll devices for troubleshooting RIP • Routing Information Protocol • Used by routing devices to exchange information such as routing table contents etc. • Determines the shortest path (heuristically) from one node to another and shares the information with routing devices OSPF • Open Shortest Path First • A more efficient protocol than RIP in determining the fastest path to the destination RSVP • Resource Reservation Protocol QoS • Quality of Service NWLink • A protocol used on Windows clients to access Novel Netware servers • The exchange of information between the Windows client and the Netware server is facilitated by this protocol NWLink and IPX/SPX • IPX/SPX is Novell’s protocol – It is a routable protocol • If IPX/SPX is to be installed in a Microsoft client then the ODI driver must be installed • The alternative of installing NWLink is preferred – Works with NDIS driver Sample use of NWL ink • Access NetWare servers • Give Netware clients access to Windows servers • Set a Windows 2000 server as a gateway to NetWare servers NetBIOS and NetBEUI • NetBEUI – Originally implemented by IBM for networking • NetBIOS DLC • Protocol used for connecting the LAN to an older IBM system – SNA based IBM network AppleTalk • Used in networks connecting Apple computers Protocol Binding • NDIS – Binding driver used with Microsoft • ODI – Binding driver used with Novell Web Research • Visit a vendor’s web site to obtain information on the configuration of a wireless LAN consisting of 2 workstations and a server END OF MODULE END OF MODULE END OF CHAPTER