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System
Components
External
Networking
System
Components
Internal
Operating Systems
Peripherals
Internet
Click on a
button to learn
the definitions.
Great quiz website
Application Terms
http://www.quia.co
m/cb/8260.html
Monitor
The peripheral device producing an
on-screen display.
External Components
Keyboard
The piece of hardware that has the
keys, like a typewriter.
External Components
Speakers
Speakers
A device used to output sound. They
can be built inside your computer or
external, like those in a stereo
system.
External Components
Mouse
Mouse
Small handheld input device that is
connected to the keyboard which you
move across the top of your desk to
access the pointer or cursor on the
screen.
External Components
Printer
The device that converts the text and
images from the computer and
presents them on paper.
External Components
Floppy Disk
A small, inexpensive, removable disk
used to store and/or transfer
information.
External Components
CD
CD - stands for Compact Disk-Read
Only Memory
External Components
System Components - External
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Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Speakers
Printer
Floppy Disk
CD
Central Processing Unit
CPU
The “brains” of the computer. Often a
tiny microprocessor chip which
runs the entire system.
System Components - Internal
CD ROM Drive
The disk drive which allows the CDROM to be played.
System Components - Internal
Floppy Disk Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
The part of the computer where the disk
goes.
System Components - Internal
External Components
DVD
A thin, circular object
that stores digital
video data.
CD/DVD Drive
The DVD Drive is the
part of the computer
where the DVD goes.
System Components - Internal
Motherboard
The system board of a computer. The PC's
main printed circuit board which
houses the processor, memory and
other components.
System Components - Internal
Random Access Memory
RAM
Electronic circuits in your computer which hold information. It
is the temporary memory used while the computer is
turned on. You will need to save any work you do onto a
disk or a file on the hard drive; otherwise, your work will be
lost when the computer is shut off. Random Access
Memory is referred to as volatile because the contents
disappear when the computer is turned off.
System Components - Internal
Read Only Memory
Rom
Information stored on Read Only
Memory remains intact. The
information is usually programmed
right onto the chip or disk and cannot
be altered or added to. That is why it
is called read-only.
System Components - Internal
Video Card/Chip
A piece of plastic or fiberglass on which
electronic circuits are printed and
memory and other chips are
attached. This device determines the
screen resolution (how many colors
you see at one time) and how fast the
screen images are displayed.
System Components - Internal
Sound Card/Chip
An adapter that allows you to play sound
on your computer.
System Components - Internal
Modem
Device that allows computers to
communicate with other computers
via the telephone line.
System Components - Internal
Operating System
OS--Operating
System
the filing and utility system
that a computer uses,
Windows 98, Windows XP,
Mac OS
System Components - Internal
Platform
refers to the operating
environment your computer
uses, usually PC or MAC
System Components - Internal
Hard Drive
found inside your computer, stores
and saves everything you put
into the computer, even after you
turn it off
System Components - Internal
System Components - Internal
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Motherboard
RAM
ROM
CPU
(Microprocessor)
Video Card/Chip
Video Memory
Sound Card/Chip
Floppy Disk Drive
(Can be internal or external)
• Hard Drive
• CD Rom Drive
(Can be internal or external)
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DVD Drive
CD Writer
NIC (Network Interface Card)
Modem
Serial Port
Parallel Port
Operating System
Platform
Video Memory
The graphics card RAM used in the frame buffer, the Z-buffer
and, in some 3D graphics cards, texture memory. Common
types include DRAM, EDO DRAM, VRAM and WRAM.
Source:
http://www.pctechguide.com/glossary/WordFind.php?wordInp
ut=Video+Memory&fromForm=1&searchType=MatchWord&w
ordSearchSubmit=FIND
System Components - Internal
CD Writer
Compact Disc-Recordable: also referred to as Compact Disc-Write
Once (CD-WO). A type of disk drive that can create CD-ROMs and
audio CDs, allowing users to "master" discs for subsequent
publishing.
Source: http://www.pctechguide.com/09cdr-rw.htm
System Components - Internal
Serial Port
The circuits and connector that facilitate communication between a
computer and serial devices such as printers, modems, plotters, mice,
and custom laboratory equipment. On a PC, this socket is a DB-9 or
DB-25 male connector. It is a full-duplex device, using separate lines for
transmitting and receiving data at the same time. Maximum throughput
is 115.2 Kbit/s. Also called a COM or communications port.
Source:
http://www.pctechguide.com/glossary/WordFind.php?wordInput=Serial+
Port&fromForm=1&searchType=MatchWord&wordSearchSubmit=FIND
System Components - Internal
Parallel Port
An I/O channel for a parallel device, like a printer, which sends and
receives data eight bits at a time over 8 separate wires. Maximum
throughput is around 500 Kbit/s. Increasingly, other devices such as
removable storage drives, scanners etc. share the printer parallel port
using a "pass through" mechanism.
Source:
http://www.pctechguide.com/glossary/WordFind.php?wordInput=Parall
el+Port&fromForm=1&searchType=MatchWord&wordSearchSubmit=F
IND
System Components - Internal
Network Interface Card
NIC: a card that is installed in a computer system to provide
network communication capabilities to and from that computer.
Source: http://www.pctechguide.com/29network.htm
System Components - Internal
Peripherals
• Digital Camera
• Scanner
Digital Camera
A camera that stores images on an internal memory chip,
removable PC cards, or other digital media. Images can
be transferred electronically to a computer for
manipulation, e-mailing or website creation.
Source: http://www.pctechguide.com/19digcam.htm
Peripherals
Scanner
A device that reads a printed page and converts it into a
graphics image for the computer. It works by digitizing
an image - converting everything on the page (text and
graphics objects) - into one raster graphics image. The
resulting matrix of bits, or bitmap, can then be stored in
a file, displayed on a screen and manipulated by
programs.
Source: http://www.pctechguide.com/18scanners.htm
Peripherals
Networking
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Cable – Cat 5
Username
Password
Domain
Server
Router
Firewall
Cable – Cat 5
Cat5 stands for Category 5 - cabling that
enables computers to hook up to a Local
Area Network.
Networking
Password
a word that only you know that you type into the computer to
open your Internet account or for access to certain web sites
Networking
Username
the name you use to log on to the network, usually one
assigned to you by your service provider
Networking
Firewall
A firewall provides a buffer - implemented either in
hardware or software, or combination of both - that
resides between an internal network and the Internet.
It can be configured to allow only specific kinds of
messages from the Internet to pass to the internal
network, thereby protecting it from intruders or
hackers who might try to use the Internet to break
into those systems.
Source:
http://www.pctechguide.com/glossary/WordFind.php?wor
dInput=firewall&fromForm=1&searchType=MatchWord
Networking
Domain Name
name given to a host computer on the
Internet, our domain name is
www.wrentham.k12.ma.us
Networking
Router
A device that operates at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI
reference model and whose function is to use one or more metrics
to determine the optimal path along which network traffic should be
forwarded. Routers forward packets from one network to another
based on network layer information. Occasionally referred to as
"gateway" - although this definition of gateway is somewhat
outdated.
Source:
http://www.pctechguide.com/glossary/WordFind.php?wordInput=router&fromForm=1&searchType
=MatchWord
Networking
Server
A computer that provides network stations with controlled access to
shareable resources. The network operating system is loaded on the file
server, and most shareable devices (disk subsystems, printers) are
attached to it. The file server controls system security and monitors
station-to-station communications. A dedicated file server can be used
only as a file server while it is on the network. A non-dedicated file server
can be used simultaneously as a file server and a workstation.
Source:
http://www.pctechguide.com/glossary/WordFind.php?wordInput=server&fr
omForm=1&searchType=MatchWord
Networking
Operating Systems
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Format/Initialize Disk
Create Folders
File versus Folder
Desktop
Drag
Icon
Cache
Clipboard
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Menu
Menu Bar
Scrolling
Screen Saver
Characters
Window
Toolbox
Toolbox
Many software applications, especially ones with paint
options, come with a toolbox, which appears on the
screen in the form of a palette.
Operating Systems
Window
rectangular frame on the screen in which you see and work with a
particular software application
Operating Systems
Characters
letters, numbers, and symbols that are used on your
keyboard
Operating Systems
Screen Saver
If you leave your computer on for a long time, the image
can burn onto the screen, a screensaver is a software
application that blanks the screen and replaces the
screen with a non-harmful picture.
Operating Systems
Scrolling
the movement of text up and down on a screen
Operating Systems
Menu Bar
is the listing on the top of the desktop, the pull down
menus are located there
Operating Systems
Menu
is an on-screen display listing your choices within a
program
Operating Systems
Clipboard
is a location inside the computer where items that have been
selected are temporarily stored, information remains on the
clipboard until something new is placed there or the computer
is shut down
Operating Systems
Cache
There are many kinds of cache, as in memory caches for
things like RAM or video memory, but usually refers to a web
cache--A web cache is used by web browsers to make web
page access quicker. Caching means that whenever you go to
a site, every web page you see is downloaded to your hard
drive. Then, whenever you go back to the page, it is loaded
from your hard drive instead of from the actual internet server.
It takes up a lot of space on your hard drive. You should
empty your cache every few days to clear up your hard drive
and to get updated information from the web page.
Operating Systems
Icon
a small picture or symbol of a computer command or function
These are
examples
of Icons.
Operating Systems
Drag
Click on the mouse, hold the button down, and drag your
mouse to another area
Operating Systems
Desktop
background on your screen when you are using your computer
Operating Systems
File versus Folder
Files are documents that have been created and saved.
Folders are a way to organize and store your files.
Operating Systems
Create Folders
To create a folder:
1. Right click
2. Click on New
3. Click on folder
4. Name your folder
Operating Systems
Format/Initialize Disk
Disks must be formatted to be used by a computer. When
you format a disk, you erase the information on it. You can
then use the disk to save other information.
Operating Systems
Application Terms
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Clip Art
Open
Close
Save
Save As
Cursor
Default
Delete
File
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Filename
File Extension
Font
Highlighting
Graphics
Text
Landscape
Portrait
Print
Print
making a hard copy of a computer's screen
Application Terms
Landscape
& Portrait
Portrait: selecting vertical
orientation of the page
when printing
Landscape: selecting
horizontal orientation
of the page when
printing
Application Terms
Text
words, sentences, and paragraphs made up of
characters
Application Terms
Highlighting
process of making part of your text stand out to
select it for editing
Application Terms
Font
different style of lettering that characters can be
Application Terms
File, Filename, &
File Extension
File: collection of related records or a simple unit of storage
Filename: characters chosen for a name of a particular file
File Extension: the suffix at the end of a filename which
indicates what kind of file it is and helps the computer
determine what program should open it - they are usually 3
characters, but can be anywhere from 1 to 5 characters long
Application Terms
Delete
to erase text or graphics
Application Terms
Default
any time an automatic decision is already made for you
by the computer or software program
Application Terms
Cursor
little mark indicating your position on the
screen
Application Terms
Save
& Save As
Save: putting your work into a permanent storage area
Save As: saving your work in a different location and/or with a
different file name
Application Terms
Open & Close
Open: when you double click on an icon or file to open it.
Close: when you go to File: Close or click on the small x in
the upper right hand corner to close it.
Application Terms
Clip Art
& Graphics
Clip Art: a collection of already made graphics in a program
Graphics: an electronic picture
Application Terms
Internet Terminology
• IP Address
• Means of Internet
Access
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Phone Line
DSL Line
Cable Line
T-1 Line
• ISP
• HTML
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URL
Browser
Download
SPAM
Search Engine
Searching
Bookmarks/Favorites
Links
World Wide Web
ISP denotes the Internet Service Provider. Here at our school we use
Merrimack Education Center. Other examples of Internet providers
include: America Online, Net Zero and Comcast.
ISP
Internet
Terminology
IP Address
An IP address is a unique address given to a
computer within an organization . It is considered an
identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP
network. The format of an IP address is a 32 bit
numeric address written as four numbers separated
by periods. Each number can be zero to 255.
Within an isolated network, you can assign IP
addresses at random as long as each one is unique.
However, connecting a private network to the Internet
requires using registered IP addresses (called
Internet addresses) to avoid duplicates.
Internet Terminology
HTML
HTML or (Hypertext Markup Language) is the set of markup symbols or codes inserted in a file
intended for display on a World Wide Web browser page. The markup tells the Web browser how to
display a Web page's words and images for the user. Each individual markup code is referred to as an
element (but many people also refer to it as a tag). Some elements come in pairs that indicate when
some display effect is to begin and when it is to end.
HTML is a formal Recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and is generally
adhered to by the major browsers, Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Netscape's Navigator, which
also provide some additional non-standard codes. The current version of HTML is HTML 4.0.
This is also considered the “authoring” language used to create documents on the World Wide Web.
HTML defines the structure and layout of a Web document by using a variety of tags and attributes.
The correct structure appears below.
<HTML><HEAD>(enter here what the document is about) <BODY>and
ends with </BODY /HTML.
There are several other tags used to format and layout the information
in a Web Page. Tags are also used to specify hypertext links. These
allow Web developers to direct users to other Web pages by just
clicking the mouse on a picture or word(s).
Internet Terminology
Download
When you Download you are copying information usually an entire file from a main source to
your computer. This file is usually from an online service. For example, this page displays a
page for print drivers to be downloaded. Simply click on the product you want to download.
Internet Terminology
Search
To Search within a document or to find information on a particular topic
click on the magnifying glass in the tool bar. On the left hand side of the
screen you will see in bold black letters” What are you looking for?” Type
in the word or phrase you need help with and then click the word Search.
Internet Terminology
Search Engines
2. Search Engines are databases on the World Wide Web that
are used to locate information on the internet. They can look for
either key words or phrases or for categories, then subcategories. Examples of search engines our school uses are as
follows:
1.Alta Vista
2.Ask Me
3.Dogpile
4.Google
5.HotBot
6.Infoseek
7.Jumpcity
8.Lycos
9.Metacrawler
10.MSNBC
11.Northern Ligt
12.Opentext
13.Zap Meta
14.Pinstripe
15.Webcrawler
16.Yahoo
Internet Terminology
URL, Hyperlink, & Favorites
URL Uniform
Resource
Locator, the
address of a
given location or
document on the
Internet
Favorites are the same as
bookmarks. This is where
you save sights you would
like to go back to.
This is a
Hyperlink.
Click on it
and it will
take you to
its site.
Internet
Terminology
Browser
Browser is a program that allows
you to look at web sites on the
Internet
We use Internet Explorer. Other
examples used include the following:
Netscape, Adelphia, Comcast, etc.
Internet Terminology
SPAM
Sending Particularly Annoying Messages, this is done through
e-mail and is considered junk mail.
SPAM is unsolicited information
from an unfamiliar source.
It is E-mail received over the
internet from individuals or
companies promoting the sale of
a product, special promotion or
personal campaign.
Internet Terminology
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is a system of Internet servers which support
specially formatted documents. These documents are formatted in HTML
markup language which supports links to documents, graphics, audio and
video files. There are many Web Browsers that make it easy to get to the
World Wide Web. The most popular are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft
Internet Explorer.
Internet Terminology
Links point to a Web page or other file (image, video, PDF,
etc.) on a Web server. Links reside on Web pages, in e-mail
messages and word processing documents as well as any
other document type that supports hypertext and URL
addressing. Links are underlined on a web page.
Links
Internet Terminology
Favorites
Favorites are the same as
bookmarks. This is where
you save sights you would
like to go back to.
Internet Terminology
Means of Internet Access
Phone Line: A modem that uses the local phone system to transmit
data.
DSL Line: It’s a connection that uses your phone line, but allows incoming
phone calls.
T-1 Line: a high speed connection used on most network servers 1, 544,
000 bits per second
Cable Line: A modem that uses part of the capacity of the local cable system
to transmit data rather than TV channels to the home. It works much like a
Local Area Network. Unlike the typical cable system, where TV signals can
only be broadcast to the home, information is allowed to be transmitted in both
directions.
Internet Terminology