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CS-303
Introduction to Programming
Lecture 1
https://sites.google.com/site/cs303uaf
Today’s Lecture
• Algorithm & Program
• Computer Languages
• Software Categories
• System Software
• Application Software
• Introduction to ‘C’ Language
• Development Environment of ‘C’
Algorithm
• An algorithm (pronounced AL-go-rith-um) is a
procedure or formula for solving a problem. The
word derives from the name of the mathematician,
Mohammed ibne -Musa al-Khwarizmi.
• A set of steps that are followed in order to solve a
mathematical problem or to complete a computer
process
Program
• A series of instructions given to a computer to
direct it to carry out certain operations. The
term “code” is often used to denote largescale operations.
Computer Languages
• High Level Languages
– C, Pascal, Fortran, COBOL, BASIC & many more
• Low Level Languages
– Machine Lang.
– Assembly Lang.
High Level Languages
• A programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or
Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs
that are more or less independent of a particular
type of computer. Such languages are considered
high-level because they are closer to human
languages and away from machine languages
Low Level Languages
• In
computer
science,
a
low
level
programming
language
is
a
programming language that provides little or no
abstraction from a computer's instruction set
architecture—commands or functions in the
language map closely to processor instructions.
Generally this refers to either machine code or
Assembly language.
Computer Languages Paradigm
Software
Organized information in the form of operating systems,
utilities, programs, and applications that enable
computers to work.
There are two main categories of software
• System software
• Application Software
System Software
System software (systems software) is
computer software designed to operate and
control the computer hardware and to
provide a platform for running application
software. System software can be
separated into two different categories,
operating systems and utility software.
Application Software
• Application software (an application) is a set of
computer programs designed to permit the user to
perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or
activities. Application software cannot run on itself
but is dependent on system software to execute.
ANSI C
Tools of the trade
• Editor
• Interpreter and Compilers
• Debuggers
Integrated Development Environment
(IDE)
It contains
•
•
•
•
•
Editor
Compilers
Debugger
Linkers
Loaders
Editor
Disk
Preprocessor
Disk
Compiler
Disk
Linker
Disk
Program is created in the
editor and stored on disk.
Preprocessor program
processes the code.
Compiler creates
object code and stores
it on disk.
Linker links the object
code with the libraries
Primary Memory
Loader
Disk
Loader puts program
in memory.
..
..
..
Primary Memory
CPU
..
..
..
CPU takes each
instruction and
executes it, possibly
storing new data
values as the program
executes.