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Product Overview PART IV LANE Services (LSM) PNNI, DHCP Relay, Group Mobility, IP Multicast Triggered IP & IPX OmniChannel, Omni Switch/Router, Gigabit ATM LANE Service Module (LSM) LSM module LANE services integrated on the Management Processor Module (MPM) LES-BUS LECS LECS Interface ATM Manager Connection Manager NI Driver and BUS data forwarding engine 2 ATM LANE Service Module (LSM) LES/BUS redundancy Primary LES/BUS LECS_1 Redundancy VCC LECS_1 LECS_2 LECS_2 ILMI MIB Backup LES/BUS LEC 3 ATM LANE Service Module (LSM) Design constraints one LECS per OmniSwitch each LES-BUS is associated with a single physical ATM interface maximum of 128 parties on a p2mp connection maximum of 64 components per ATM physical port 4MB of flash memory no broadcast control management like the MSS 4 ATM LANE Service Module (LSM) VCC resources constraints 1024 active VCCs – limit of LECs joined 1024 p2mp connections – limit of LES-BUS instances Guideline: with ASM: maximum of 80 LECS, 4 ELANs with ASM-2: maximum of 300 LECS, 10 ELANs 5 What Is PNNI? A routing protocol multilevel hierarchical routing model topology distribution mechanism generic CAC algorithm support UNI 3.1 capabilities (ptp and ptmp) enable scalability of hundreds / thousands of switches NNI signaling specification network-to-network signaling based on UNI 3.1 6 PNNI - orATM Network ATM Network PNNI: private “network-network” or “networknode” interface Provides the ability to create a scaleable, fullfunction, dynamic, multi-vendor ATM network 7 DHCP relay The UDP Relay feature provides a mechanism for forwarding UDP / IP broadcast packets between VLANs Useful for DHCP in VLANs Port Policies Multicast Policies MAC address Policies Authenticated User Policies IP Subnet Policies DHCP Port Policies IPX Subnet Policies DHCP MAC Policies Protocol Type Policies 8 DHCP relay with external router BOOTP Relay 130.0.0.11 130.0.0.12 OmniSwitch 125.0.0.1 Port 1 125.0.0.3 Port 2 130.0.0.10 Group 1 130.0.0.13 DHCP Server 125.0.0.2 130.0.0.14 130.0.0.15 9 DHCP with internal router BOOTP Relay Router 125.0.0.21 125.0.0.1 130.0.0.21 Group 2 Group 3 130.0.0.13 DHCP Server 125.0.0.2 130.0.0.14 130.0.0.15 10 Group mobility details AutoTracker supports 96 Groups with 32 VLANs / group Group mobility adds a new capability to move between groups, rather than only within VLANs Groups are viewed as VLANs, so now we can configure up to 500 VLANs (really groups) in the OmniSwitch if there are no users active on the VLAN group then the group is inactive when a user attaches and matches the policies, the group becomes active 11 Group mobility details Group mobility also provides dynamic autoactivation of LAN Emulation clients saves switch resources saves network resources scalable for large networks a group can have an elan name attribute associated with it, so when a group becomes active the associated LEC attaches to the ELAN 12 How does this all work? The default group (Group #1) is used as a holding group for all ports participating in group mobility AutoTracker rules operates the same; just use a group other than default Group #1 for AutoTracker if you are also using group mobility all ports on the default group are candidates to move to one of the configured mobile groups groups now have a new group mobility flag if this flag is set the group is participating in group mobility and policies are applied at the group level 13 Group mobility When a new user comes on-line, AutoTracker observes his traffic and applies it to policies of defined groups. OmniSwitch AutoTracker ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN LANE 1.0 Backbone 14 Group mobility OmniSwitch AutoTracker The required Group is created. ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN LANE 1.0 Backbone 15 Group mobility OmniSwitch The switch then joins AutoTracker the ELAN mapped to that Group. ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN LANE 1.0 Backbone 16 Group mobility Traffic matching on another Group is OmniSwitchobserved. AutoTracker ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN LANE 1.0 Backbone 17 Group mobility The required ELAN OmniSwitchis joined. AutoTracker ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN LANE 1.0 Backbone 18 Group mobility Group Mobility works with shared media hubs since AutoTracker provides OmniSwitch Group mapping for both Ports and MACs. AutoTracker HUB ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN ELAN LANE 1.0 Backbone 19 Group mobility AutoTracker rules without group mobility; restricts any port to join only one of 32 VLANS without port reassignments group mobility expands that to 500 VLANs (groups) a user can belong to any of 500 groups, and can belong to multiple groups at the same time Group mobility allows users with multiple stacks to join multiple groups using the same AutoTracker policies the first policy match becomes the spanning tree master additional policy matches do not generate BPDUs 20 Group mobility example Server 8 OC-12 16 LEC / interface 128 Subnets ATM SWITCH 4 OC-3 64 LECS 4 OC-3 64 LECS A user can join any of 64 subnets dynamically 21 IP Multicast Routing & IP Multicast Switching (IPMS) What is multicast traffic? Similar to broadcast traffic It’s like selective broadcast Only those that request the traffic get it Allows a one to many communication rather than one to one 23 Multicast versus unicast unicast sends one packet per destination multicast sends one packet for many destinations Unicast Multicast 24 Why is multicast so great? It conserves bandwidth Uses for multicast: resource discovery (OSPF, RIP2, Bootp) multipoint file transfer (Starburst Com.) conferencing: many to many (CuSeeMe) video netcasting (Precept Software IPTV) redundant systems (parallel databases) battlefield simulations (parallel processing) information distribution in data warehousing 25 What is multicast routing? Details: multicast router knows who wants traffic finds out who is sending the traffic delivers traffic only to those who want it routers communicate with each other and users to gather the information once information is shared, the traffic is sent where it needs to go 26 Protocols implemented Most commonly used protocols: IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) RFC 1112 (V2 described in draft) DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) RFC 1075 (v3 described in draft) used between routers to exchange multicast route information Internet’s MBONE built using these protocols 27 DVMRP routing tree Group 1 Source Group 1 membership Group 1 membership 28 DVMRP tree after pruning Group 1 Source Group 1 membership Group 1 membership 29 Why is IPMS so much better? IPMS (IP Multicast Switching): intercepts IGMP packets to track membership by SVPN (source virtual port number), rather than by network client application requests membership in a multicast group; only those members will receive the multicast traffic Traffic is controlled by port rather than by network Performance significantly improved because forwarding decision is made by network interface All port forwarding lists are established dynamically; no configuration required Co-exists with existing multicast VLANs 30 IP / IPX Filtering Triggered IPX support RFC 2091: only changed info, rather than all info, is sent receiver is able to apply changes immediately reduced routing traffic and uses less memory no periodic broadcasts of “redundant” information 32 IP RIP filters RIP input filters control which networks are allowed into the routing table when IP RIPs are received RIP output filters control the list of networks included in routing updates sent out an interface; this controls which networks the router advertises in its IP RIP updates 33 IPX Watchdog spoofing Why? to prevent IPX Watchdog packets from initiating connections on dial-on-demand links when no other data is being sent This feature will allow the Xylan router to respond to a server’s Watchdog requests on behalf of a remote client. the Watchdog query packet will never cross the WAN link if IPX Watchdog spoofing is enabled 34 NetWare Serialization packet filters NetWare Serialization packet filtering: If serialization packet filtering is enabled on a WAN interface, when the router receives a serialization packet, it will drop the packet instead of activating a dial-up link NetWare Serialization packets will never cross a WAN link which has filtering enabled There is one drawback: this can allow users to bypass Novell’s licensing scheme 35 OmniChannel OmniChannel features and benefits Aggregation of bandwidth OmniChannel allows up to 4 switch ports to be aggregated together as one high-speed pipe Existing technology Load balancing uses the same existing networking technologies available today, such as Fast Ethernet evenly distributes network data between all of the aggregated links Scalability OmniChannel backbones easily scale from 100 Mbps to 800 Mbps 37 OmniChannel 38 OmniChannel How OmniChannel works OmniChannel supports load balancing, flooding, spanning tree BPDUs, and a failed link Load balancing incoming packets are assigned in a roundrobin fashion to one OmniChannel link, offering even distribution of the traffic over each link One high-speed pipe a group of OmniChannel links behaves exactly as a single high-speed link Resiliency sub-second recovery in the event of a link failure 39 OmniChannel High-speed backbone/server solution The following application uses two 400 Mbps OmniChannel links into a centralized OmniSwitch; the central OmniSwitch then connects to a Sun server at 800 Mbps 40 OmniChannel Resilient backbone solutions this application uses multiple paths from Switch A to Switch B for a total of 800 Mbps; an alternate path is used for two of the backbone links to protect the backbone from a single catastrophic event, such as a backhoe break, from bringing down the backbone between Switches A and B 41 Omni Switch/Router OmniS/R is a powerful Gigabit switch 22 Gbps switching fabric 12 Mpps layer-three switching Up to 19 RISC processors Up to 61 Xylandesigned switching ASICs Up to 32 Gigabit Ethernet ports TR 256 10/100 256 64 FR 32 GE 16 ATM 8 P-o-SONET 1 10 100 1000 Maximum port density 43 OmniS/R architecture OmniS/R system capacity: switching capacity: 22 Gbps sustained: 11.5 Gbps OmniS/R distributed layer-three switching 12 million pps Hardware Rtg. Engine Hardware Rtg. Engine OC-12 SAR 10/100 Ethernet Switching Module Gigabit Ethernet Switching Module ATM Uplink Module Firewall LEC(s) Mgmt. Processor 22 Gbps Frame Fabric 44 Omni Switch/Router features Non-blocking frame fabric On-board switching Full duplex Extended burst capacity Standards-compliant flow control High-performance routing Complete network management 45 OmniS/R layer-three switching HRE-X: fully distributed, multi-protocol layer-three switching ASIC IP and IPX RIP, RIP II, OSPF, IP Multicast, DCHP relay 12 Mpps / switch one HRE-X per blade ISP-class table size 256,000 route entries 64,000 next-hop destinations 46 MPX: Management Processor Module Management Processor Module for OmniS/R (MPX) contains a slot for 1 high-speed uplink port, an outof-band Ethernet port, and the standard front-panel DB-9 console and modem ports. 8MB of Flash, and 16MB RAM standard Supports both OmniS/R and VBUS 47 ESX modules for OmniS/R Ethernet and Fast Ethernet OmniS/R modules ESX-100C-12W ESX-100C-12W-L3 8-port multimode fiber 100BaseFX switching module with HRE-X ESX-100FS-8W 8-port multimode fiber 100BaseFX switching module ESX-100FM-8W-L3 12-port 10/100BaseTX switching module with HRE-X ESX-100FM-8W 12-port 10/100BaseTX switching module 8-port single mode fiber 100BaseFX switching module ESX-100FS-8W-L3 8-port single mode fiber 100BaseFX switching module with HRE-X 48 High density ESX modules for OmniS/R Ethernet and Fast Ethernet OmniS/R modules ESX-100C-32W 32-port 10/100BaseTX switching module, 1K CAM ESX-100C-32W-L3 32-port 10/100BaseTX switching module with HRE-X Features: More than 250 switched 10/100 Ethernet ports in a single Omni-9 chassis IEEE 802.1x Flow Control provides backoff message to sending stations, preventing overflow of input data ports. 49 Gigabit Ethernet Modules for OmniS/R GSX-FM-2W or 4W GSX-FM-2W-L3 or 4W-L3 2-port or 4 port 1000BaseSX Gigabit switching module with HRE-X GSX-FS-2W or 4W 2-port or 4 port 1000BaseSX Gigabit switching module 2-port or 4 port 1000BaseLX Gigabit switching module GSX-FS-2W-L3 or 4W-L3 2-port or 4 port 1000BaseLX Gigabit switching module with HRE-X 50 Token Ring Switching Modules for OmniS/R TSX-CD-16W-4C TSX-CD-16W-4C-L3 32 port Token Ring Switching Module, UTP/STP w/ HRE-X TSX-F-8W-4C 32 port Token Ring Switching Module, UTP/STP TSX-CD-32W-4C-L3 16 port Token Ring Switching Module, UTP/STP w/ HRE-X TSX-CD-32W-4C 16 port Token Ring Switching Module, UTP/STP 8 port Token Ring Switching Module, fiber TSX-F-8W-4C-L3 8 port Token Ring Switching Module, fiber w/ HRE-X 51 Wide Area Switching Modules for OmniS/R WSX-S-2W-4C WSX-S-2W-4C-L3 4 port WAN Switching Module with HRE-X; serial ports WSX-S-8W-4C 4 port WAN Switching Module; serial ports WSX-S-4W-4C-L3 2 port WAN Switching Module with HRE-X; serial ports WSX-S-4W-4C 2 port WAN Switching Module; serial ports 8 port WAN Switching Module; serial ports WSX-S-8W-4C-L3 8 port WAN Switching Module with HRE-X; serial ports 52 Wide Area Switching Modules for OmniS/R WSX-BRI-SC-1W [2W]-4C WSX-BRI-SC-1W [2W]-4C-L3 1 or 2 serial port BRI WAN Switching module supports PPP or Frame Relay; with HRE-X WSX-FE1-SC-1W [2W]-4C 1 or 2 serial port BRI WAN Switching module supports PPP or Frame Relay 1 or 2 serial ports, 1 or 2 FE1 ports with integral CSU. Both support PPP or Frame Relay, Fractional E1, supports single Nx64K cluster and FDL protocol WSX-FE1-SC-1W [2W]-4C-L3 1 or 2 serial ports, 1 or 2 FE1 ports with integral CSU. Both support PPP or Frame Relay, Fractional E1, supports single Nx64K cluster and FDL protocol, with HRE-X 53 Wide Area Switching Modules for OmniS/R WSX-FT1-SC-1W [2W]-4C 1 or 2 serial ports, 1 or 2 FE1 ports with integral CSU. Both support PPP or Frame Relay, Fractional T1, supports single Nx64K cluster and FDL protocol WSX-FT1-SC-1W [2W]-4C-L3 1 or 2 serial ports, 1 or 2 FE1 ports with integral CSU. Both support PPP or Frame Relay, Fractional T1, supports single Nx64K cluster and FDL protocol, with HRE-X 54 Gigabit Ethernet Direction for OmniStack and VBUS Gigabit Ethernet Xylan’s Gigabit Ethernet family is divided into three different product groups: Gigabit uplink sub-modules Gigabit switch access modules high-speed Gigabit switching modules 1000Base-SX and 1000Base-LX for multimode and single mode fiber 56 Gigabit Ethernet for OmniStack OSGSM-FM-2 2-port Gigabit Ethernet sub-module for the OmniStack 2000, 3000, and 5000 families; (1000Base-SX) SC multimode (850nm) fiber for short haul OSGSM-FS-2 2-port Gigabit Ethernet sub-module for the OmniStack 2000, 3000, and 5000 families; (1000Base-LX) single mode (1330nm) fiber for long distance 57 Gigabit backbone solution 58 Gigabit Ethernet application 59