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The Byzantine Empire Split in the Roman Empire The Roman Empire was plagued with problems (internal invasions, civil wars and poor economy) and began declining by the 300s AD Constantine Constantine (306 – 337) is considered the first Christian Roman Emperor Proclaimed religious toleration for Christians throughout the empire The New Rome In 330 AD Constantine built a new capital city called Constantinople in the New Roman Empire The city was very protected and powerful and eventually became the new center of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine culture blended Greek language, culture and traditions and Roman law Rule of Justinian First great Byzantine leader, 527 – 565 AD Created Justinian’s Code—written set of laws created from those of Ancient Rome Byzantine Empire Skilled army and cavalry soldiers led to Justinian recapturing much of the Roman Empire Wars were long and costly—caused economic hardship in the Byzantine Empire The Silk Road Significant factor in the development of the Byzantine Empire Route enabled people to trade in various parts of the world— main trade route to Asia Split of East and West Religious and economic differences began to separate the Byzantine Empire from Western Europe Religious services held in Greek in Byzantine and Latin in the west Disagreements over church practices and authority arose— Byzantine Church answered to emperor while the Church and Pope in western Europe had great political power and authority The Great Schism 1054, the final break between east and west—Christian church split into Roman Catholic Church (Rome) and the Eastern Orthodox Church (Constantinople) The Crusades Series of military campaigns waged by Christians against external and internal opponents, mostly Muslims Tried to prevent Muslim expansion into modern-day Turkey Decline of the Byzantine Empire 1204, Crusaders and Venetians invaded and destroyed Constantinople Weakened agriculture and trade, and loss of land Ottoman Turks (Muslim) considered the fight against Byzantine (Christian) a holy war Fall of Constantinople By the early 1400s, the Byzantine Empire had been destroyed and consisted of only Constantinople and two small territories in Greece In 1453 the city of Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire Cultural Influences of the Byzantine Empire Preserved Greco-Roman culture Created icons and other forms of Greco-Roman art (mosaics) Spread culture into Eastern Europe and Russia through trade and expansion Permanently split the Christian Church Architectural Influences of the Byzantine Empire Hagia Sophia— created under Justinian—the religious focal point of the Eastern Orthodox Church for 1000 years Created onion-shaped dome over rectangular buildings Political Influences of the Byzantine Empire Used skilled and resourceful diplomacy to make connections and learn about enemies First to use foreign intelligence agency Justinian’s Code preserved Roman law Critical Thinking… Rank in order the most important influences of the Byzantine Empire on modern civilization. (#1 = most important, #3 = least important)