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Roman Religion and Mythology Remus and Romulus • Twin brothers, sons of a priestess named Rhea and Mars (god of war) • Their grandfather was afraid that they would overpower him so he ordered them killed along with Rhea • Servant who was supposed to kill them instead placed them in a basket and floated it down the Tiber River The Twins’ Journey • River god Tiberinus protected the twins and guided their basket safely down the river to a swamp • The twins were then raised by a wolf • One day a shepherd discovered them, took them home, and raised them • As they grew up, it became clear the twins were of noble blood The Birth of Rome • • • • • Remus and Romulus were very popular and decided to found their own city, but they could not decide where to locate the city They decided to let the gods settle the dispute by sending a sign in the form of a vulture (bird sacred to Mars) Remus saw six vultures but Romulus saw 12, so Romulus declared himself the winner and began building a wall for his city Remus tried to stop him and a fight broke out – Romulus killed Remus in the struggle Romulus continued building the wall and founded Rome, named after himself Roman Gods • Reflect both their agricultural heritage and their warring history • Gods were connected to daily activities and important events in the agricultural calendar • After the conquest of Greece the Romans adopted many Greek gods as well as their origin myth Janus • God of gates, doors and doorways, beginnings and endings • Connected to January and janitors • Represents transitions Vesta • Goddess of Hearth and home • Carries a torch • Symbolized in temples by a sacred fire Lares • Household gods that protected the home and the family • Also were gods of country, sea, and cities • Every Roman home had a statue representing Lares placed high on the wall Saturn • God of agriculture and harvest • “Sower of the seed” • Later blended with Greek god Cronus • Represents limitations on power and control • Also rules old age and the “golden years” Mars • God of military and warriors, protector of cattle, fields, and boundaries • Major religious festival is in March, which is named for him • Associated with Tuesday • Patron god of city of Rome The Pantheon • Temple to all of the Roman gods • Architectural wonder of ancient Rome • Over 14 stories tall