Download Chapter 16 Mental Health

Chapter 16
Mental Health
Health Care
Science
Technology
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Objectives
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Identify the roles and
responsibilities of personnel in
mental health care, including the
jobs and job responsibilities of
mental health aides and mental
health technicians.
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Chapter 16
Objectives (cont.)
Compare the roles and
responsibilities of licensed mental
health care providers, including
psychologists, psychiatrists, social
workers, and counselors.
 Understand safety and legal issues
related to the use of restraints.
 Successfully complete 3 mental
health procedures.
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Chapter 16
Careers in Mental Health 16-1
The Mental Health Aide
 The Mental Health Technician
 The Social Worker
 The Counselor
 The Psychologist
 The Psychiatrist
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Chapter 16
The Mental Health Aide
Some employers require
certification. In general,
a 2- or 4-year degree is
not required.
 May be employed in an
office, clinic, hospital,
group home, shelter
home, day workshop, or
client’s home.
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Chapter 16
The Mental Health Aide (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities
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Must have great patience and enjoy
helping people.
Must be able to communicate with
clients and other members of the
health care team.
The best job opportunities are in
residential care facilities and private
social service agencies.
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Chapter 16
The Mental Health Aide (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Assess clients’ needs.
Assist clients with finances.
Maintain case records.
Report progress to supervisors.
Provide emotional support to clients.
Resolve conflicts with other people.
Help clients with medical forms.
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Chapter 16
The Mental Health Aide (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Organize and lead group activities.
Assist clients who are in need of
counseling.
Assist clients in finding community
resources.
Talk with family members.
Help clients to become involved in their
own care.
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Chapter 16
The Mental Health Technician
Also known as a psychiatric
technician.
 Often has more formal education,
training, and responsibilities.
 Training may be on-the-job, in
vocational school, or in college.
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Chapter 16
The Mental Health Technician (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities
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May work with the
developmentally
disabled.
Can also work with
the mentally retarded
and those affected
with cerebral palsy,
autism, or behavioral
disorders.
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Chapter 16
The Mental Health Technician (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Depending on experience and place of
employment, the mental health
technician may:
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Interview clients and their families and record
information.
Help develop and implement client treatment
plans.
Observe clients and report any significant
changes or developments to the professional
staff.
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Chapter 16
The Mental Health Technician (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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The mental health technician may also:
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Lead individual and group counseling sessions
and therapy activities.
Teach skills that help clients resolve problems
that affect their day-to-day life.
Check and record clients’ vital signs.
Assist supervisors in giving prescribed
medication.
Provide nursing care.
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Chapter 16
The Social Worker
Helps clients solve
personal and family
problems.
 May help resolve
abusive situations
such as spousal or
child abuse.
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Chapter 16
The Social Worker (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities
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Helps clients find resources for their
mental and physical care.
May make referrals to other health care
professionals.
May work for a state, city, or private
organization.
Often works in emotionally-charged
environments.
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Chapter 16
The Social Worker (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Perform direct counseling.
Assist clients in finding effective solutions
and community resources.
Refer clients to specialists.
Assist clients with eligibility requirements
for community services.
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Chapter 16
The Social Worker (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Provide emotional support during crisis.
Evaluate individuals in the criminal justice
system and perform presentencing
assessments.
Make recommendations to courts regarding
clients.
Arrange adoptions and foster homes.
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Chapter 16
The Social Worker (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Investigate reports of abuse and neglect.
Help clients cope with chronic, acute, or
terminal illness.
Assess and diagnose student problems.
Work in employee assistance programs.
Develop social education programs.
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Chapter 16
The Counselor
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May work in many settings,
including schools or colleges,
rehabilitation programs,
industry, or vocational settings.
Nearly two-thirds have a
master’s degree.
Requirements for credentialing,
licensing, certification, and
registration vary from state to
state.
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Chapter 16
The Counselor (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities
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School and college counselors work with
students and their families.
Rehabilitation counselors work with clients
who may have social and/or vocational
disabilities.
Mental health counselors may work with
clients dealing with addictions, substance
abuse, thoughts of suicide, stress, and
self-esteem problems.
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Chapter 16
The Counselor (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Assess abilities and personality
characteristics.
Develop plans to help clients achieve
goals.
Interview clients.
Meet with clients in counseling sessions.
Perform diagnostic tests.
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Chapter 16
The Counselor (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Assist clients with common social and
behavioral problems.
Offer drug and alcohol prevention programs.
Assist clients in anger management.
Identify and intervene in abuse situations.
Help clients overcome the effects of
disabilities.
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Chapter 16
The Counselor (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Assist clients with addictions.
Work in suicide prevention programs.
Assist clients with stress management.
Help clients deal with problems of selfesteem.
Assist clients in dealing with mental health
problems.
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Chapter 16
The Psychologist
Most work in clinical area;
others work in research.
 May also be consultants.
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Chapter 16
The Psychologist (cont.)
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Some specialize in fields such as:
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Geropsychology.
Neuropsychology.
Counseling psychology.
School psychology.
Experimental psychology.
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Chapter 16
The Psychologist (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities
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Interview clients.
Perform diagnostic testing.
Provide individual, family, or group
psychotherapy.
Assist clients with behavior modification.
Work with doctors and other health care
providers on plans of care.
Teach and research.
Develop health promotion programs.
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Chapter 16
The Psychologist (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Carry out research on the brain and behavior.
Work with clients who have had strokes or
head injuries.
Work with elderly clients.
Assist people who are in crisis.
Assess students’ behavioral problems.
Assist teachers and parents in dealing with
children’s issues.
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Chapter 16
The Psychologist (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Work with clients who have substance abuse
problems.
Work with students who have disabilities.
Work with students who are gifted and
talented.
Assess client’s interaction with others.
Study group behavior.
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Chapter 16
The Psychiatrist
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A psychiatrist is a
physician who
specializes in mental
health.
It is common for a doctor
of osteopathic medicine
(DO) to specialize in
psychiatry.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 16
The Psychiatrist (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities
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In many cases, the psychiatrist heads up
the mental health team.
It can take from 11 to 16 years of education
and training to become a psychiatrist.
Psychiatrists must graduate from medical
school, pass a licensing examination, and
complete a residency. Each state has
established individual licensing laws.
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Chapter 16
The Psychiatrist (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Diagnose and treat mental illnesses.
Prescribe medications.
Administer treatments.
Examine clients.
Perform diagnostic tests and interpret
results.
Obtain medical and mental health histories.
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Chapter 16
The Psychiatrist (cont.)
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Job Responsibilities (cont.)
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Counsel clients on health care.
Assist clients through personal crises.
Help clients develop plans for the
activities of daily living.
Provide emergency mental and
physical health care.
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Chapter 16
Section 16-1
Apply Your Knowledge
Which mental health
professional can prescribe
medications?
Answer: Psychiatrist.
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Chapter 16
Mental Health Procedures 16-2
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Physical Restraints
Chemical Restraints
Reality Orientation
Postmortem Care
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Chapter 16
Physical Restraints
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Must be ordered by a physician and
must never be used as punishment.
All other methods of ensuring the
client’s safety must be assessed and
eliminated prior to using restraints.
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Chapter 16
Physical Restraints (cont.)
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Safety Rules
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Use the right size and type of restraint.
Check for client’s comfort after applying
restraint.
Notify supervisor if circulation problems are
noticed.
Loosen or take restraint off at least every
two hours.
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Chapter 16
Physical Restraints (cont.)
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Safety Rules (cont.)
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Never tie restraint to bed rail. Use quick
release. Keep scissors in a safe place for an
emergency.
Never leave client unattended when
restraints are released.
Document all information about
restraints completely and accurately.
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Chapter 16
Chemical Restraints
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Chemical restraints should not be used
unless the client presents a clear and present
danger that cannot be treated through other
means.
A physician must prescribe the medication.
The 5 patient rights for medication must be
followed and reviewed 3 times.
Positively identify the client.
Make sure the client has taken all the
medication.
Chapter 16
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Reality Orientation
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TODAY IS:
Reality orientation is
Monday, March 31
helping the client to
THE WEATHER IS:
become aware of his
Sunny and Warm
or her surroundings,
ACTIVITIES:
the date and time,
Group Mtg. 2:00 pm
and other
in dining room
information about his
or her present
situation.
An orientation board may be
posted in the client’s room.
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Chapter 16
Postmortem Care
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There are 5 stages of emotions that dying
clients and their caregivers may go
through. They are: denial, anger,
bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
All clients have the right to a Do Not
Resuscitate (DNR) order.
Postmortem care is provided to help clients
maintain their dignity and appearance after
death.
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Chapter 16
Section 16-2
Apply Your Knowledge
Can physical or chemical
restraints be used for the
convenience of the caregiver?
Answer: Absolutely not, restraints
should only be used to protect a client
or others from harm.
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Chapter 16
Procedures in Student Text
16A
16B
16C
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Applying Physical Restraints
Providing Reality Orientation
Providing Postmortem Care
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Chapter 16
Additional Procedures
in Lab Activity Manual
LM16-1
42
Administering Chemical
Restraints
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Chapter 16
Chapter 16 Credits
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 10
Slide 13
Slide 18
Slide 23
Slide 28
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Lou Bopp Photography
Dan Reynolds/Medical Images
Will & Deni McIntyre/Photo Researchers
Lou Bopp Photography
Jeff Zeruba/Getty Images
Aaron Haupt
Lou Bopp Photography
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Chapter 16