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Chapter 16 Mental Health Health Care Science Technology Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Objectives 2 Identify the roles and responsibilities of personnel in mental health care, including the jobs and job responsibilities of mental health aides and mental health technicians. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Objectives (cont.) Compare the roles and responsibilities of licensed mental health care providers, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors. Understand safety and legal issues related to the use of restraints. Successfully complete 3 mental health procedures. 3 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Careers in Mental Health 16-1 The Mental Health Aide The Mental Health Technician The Social Worker The Counselor The Psychologist The Psychiatrist 4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Mental Health Aide Some employers require certification. In general, a 2- or 4-year degree is not required. May be employed in an office, clinic, hospital, group home, shelter home, day workshop, or client’s home. 5 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Mental Health Aide (cont.) Job Responsibilities – – – 6 Must have great patience and enjoy helping people. Must be able to communicate with clients and other members of the health care team. The best job opportunities are in residential care facilities and private social service agencies. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Mental Health Aide (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – – – 7 – Assess clients’ needs. Assist clients with finances. Maintain case records. Report progress to supervisors. Provide emotional support to clients. Resolve conflicts with other people. Help clients with medical forms. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Mental Health Aide (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – – 8 Organize and lead group activities. Assist clients who are in need of counseling. Assist clients in finding community resources. Talk with family members. Help clients to become involved in their own care. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Mental Health Technician Also known as a psychiatric technician. Often has more formal education, training, and responsibilities. Training may be on-the-job, in vocational school, or in college. 9 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Mental Health Technician (cont.) Job Responsibilities – – 10 May work with the developmentally disabled. Can also work with the mentally retarded and those affected with cerebral palsy, autism, or behavioral disorders. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Mental Health Technician (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – Depending on experience and place of employment, the mental health technician may: 11 Interview clients and their families and record information. Help develop and implement client treatment plans. Observe clients and report any significant changes or developments to the professional staff. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Mental Health Technician (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – The mental health technician may also: 12 Lead individual and group counseling sessions and therapy activities. Teach skills that help clients resolve problems that affect their day-to-day life. Check and record clients’ vital signs. Assist supervisors in giving prescribed medication. Provide nursing care. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Social Worker Helps clients solve personal and family problems. May help resolve abusive situations such as spousal or child abuse. 13 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Social Worker (cont.) Job Responsibilities – – – – 14 Helps clients find resources for their mental and physical care. May make referrals to other health care professionals. May work for a state, city, or private organization. Often works in emotionally-charged environments. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Social Worker (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – 15 Perform direct counseling. Assist clients in finding effective solutions and community resources. Refer clients to specialists. Assist clients with eligibility requirements for community services. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Social Worker (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – 16 Provide emotional support during crisis. Evaluate individuals in the criminal justice system and perform presentencing assessments. Make recommendations to courts regarding clients. Arrange adoptions and foster homes. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Social Worker (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – – 17 Investigate reports of abuse and neglect. Help clients cope with chronic, acute, or terminal illness. Assess and diagnose student problems. Work in employee assistance programs. Develop social education programs. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Counselor 18 May work in many settings, including schools or colleges, rehabilitation programs, industry, or vocational settings. Nearly two-thirds have a master’s degree. Requirements for credentialing, licensing, certification, and registration vary from state to state. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Counselor (cont.) Job Responsibilities – – – 19 School and college counselors work with students and their families. Rehabilitation counselors work with clients who may have social and/or vocational disabilities. Mental health counselors may work with clients dealing with addictions, substance abuse, thoughts of suicide, stress, and self-esteem problems. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Counselor (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – – 20 Assess abilities and personality characteristics. Develop plans to help clients achieve goals. Interview clients. Meet with clients in counseling sessions. Perform diagnostic tests. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Counselor (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – – 21 Assist clients with common social and behavioral problems. Offer drug and alcohol prevention programs. Assist clients in anger management. Identify and intervene in abuse situations. Help clients overcome the effects of disabilities. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Counselor (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – – 22 Assist clients with addictions. Work in suicide prevention programs. Assist clients with stress management. Help clients deal with problems of selfesteem. Assist clients in dealing with mental health problems. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Psychologist Most work in clinical area; others work in research. May also be consultants. 23 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Psychologist (cont.) Some specialize in fields such as: – – – – – 24 Geropsychology. Neuropsychology. Counseling psychology. School psychology. Experimental psychology. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Psychologist (cont.) Job Responsibilities – – – – – – – 25 Interview clients. Perform diagnostic testing. Provide individual, family, or group psychotherapy. Assist clients with behavior modification. Work with doctors and other health care providers on plans of care. Teach and research. Develop health promotion programs. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Psychologist (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – – – 26 Carry out research on the brain and behavior. Work with clients who have had strokes or head injuries. Work with elderly clients. Assist people who are in crisis. Assess students’ behavioral problems. Assist teachers and parents in dealing with children’s issues. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Psychologist (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – – 27 Work with clients who have substance abuse problems. Work with students who have disabilities. Work with students who are gifted and talented. Assess client’s interaction with others. Study group behavior. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Psychiatrist 28 A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in mental health. It is common for a doctor of osteopathic medicine (DO) to specialize in psychiatry. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Psychiatrist (cont.) Job Responsibilities – – – 29 In many cases, the psychiatrist heads up the mental health team. It can take from 11 to 16 years of education and training to become a psychiatrist. Psychiatrists must graduate from medical school, pass a licensing examination, and complete a residency. Each state has established individual licensing laws. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Psychiatrist (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – – – 30 Diagnose and treat mental illnesses. Prescribe medications. Administer treatments. Examine clients. Perform diagnostic tests and interpret results. Obtain medical and mental health histories. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 The Psychiatrist (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – – – – 31 Counsel clients on health care. Assist clients through personal crises. Help clients develop plans for the activities of daily living. Provide emergency mental and physical health care. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Section 16-1 Apply Your Knowledge Which mental health professional can prescribe medications? Answer: Psychiatrist. 32 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Mental Health Procedures 16-2 33 Physical Restraints Chemical Restraints Reality Orientation Postmortem Care Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Physical Restraints 34 Must be ordered by a physician and must never be used as punishment. All other methods of ensuring the client’s safety must be assessed and eliminated prior to using restraints. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Physical Restraints (cont.) Safety Rules – – – – 35 Use the right size and type of restraint. Check for client’s comfort after applying restraint. Notify supervisor if circulation problems are noticed. Loosen or take restraint off at least every two hours. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Physical Restraints (cont.) Safety Rules (cont.) – – 36 Never tie restraint to bed rail. Use quick release. Keep scissors in a safe place for an emergency. Never leave client unattended when restraints are released. Document all information about restraints completely and accurately. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Chemical Restraints 37 Chemical restraints should not be used unless the client presents a clear and present danger that cannot be treated through other means. A physician must prescribe the medication. The 5 patient rights for medication must be followed and reviewed 3 times. Positively identify the client. Make sure the client has taken all the medication. Chapter 16 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Reality Orientation TODAY IS: Reality orientation is Monday, March 31 helping the client to THE WEATHER IS: become aware of his Sunny and Warm or her surroundings, ACTIVITIES: the date and time, Group Mtg. 2:00 pm and other in dining room information about his or her present situation. An orientation board may be posted in the client’s room. 38 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Postmortem Care 39 There are 5 stages of emotions that dying clients and their caregivers may go through. They are: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. All clients have the right to a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order. Postmortem care is provided to help clients maintain their dignity and appearance after death. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Section 16-2 Apply Your Knowledge Can physical or chemical restraints be used for the convenience of the caregiver? Answer: Absolutely not, restraints should only be used to protect a client or others from harm. 40 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Procedures in Student Text 16A 16B 16C 41 Applying Physical Restraints Providing Reality Orientation Providing Postmortem Care Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Additional Procedures in Lab Activity Manual LM16-1 42 Administering Chemical Restraints Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16 Chapter 16 Credits Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 10 Slide 13 Slide 18 Slide 23 Slide 28 43 Lou Bopp Photography Dan Reynolds/Medical Images Will & Deni McIntyre/Photo Researchers Lou Bopp Photography Jeff Zeruba/Getty Images Aaron Haupt Lou Bopp Photography Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16