Download Functions of the Digestive System

2.08 Understand the functions and
disorders of the digestive system
Essential questions
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What are the functions of the digestive system?
How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion
interrelate?
What are the common disorders of the digestive system?
How are disorders of the digestive system treated?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
digestive system?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
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Understand the functions of the
digestive system
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
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Functions of the digestive system
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Fecal transplant
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Allows the bacteria from
the healthy stool to
repopulate the gut of the
patient who has lost
healthy bacteria in their
gut
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Used to treat Clostridium
difficile that grows in
human intestines
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Symptoms range from
persistent diarrhea to lifethreatening inflammation of
the colon to death
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
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Functions of the digestive system

What can healthcare
professionals learn from
observing stool
specimens?
Stools specimens are
collected to see if
a person is
bleeding, has
cancer, or
parasites
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the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
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Anorexia
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Anorexia nervosa

Decreased or poor
appetite
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Eating disorder
characterized by
refusal to eat

Symptom: loss of
weight

Psychiatric disorder
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the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
Caries

What is another name for
caries? Cavities, tooth
decay.

What are caries? Tooth
decay from not brushing
your teeth regularly.
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the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
Cholecystitis

What is Cholecystitis?
Inflammation
of the gallbladder
A stone can block the bile duct.
Small ones may pass on their own,
large ones surgically removed
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How is it treated?
Surgical
removal of gallbladder =
Cholecystectomy

What are the symptoms?
Pain in the shoulder
blades and digestive
disorders and jaundice.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
Cholelithiasis
the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
Cleft palate
What is cleft palate?
 Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that
affect the upper lip and the roof of the
mouth.
 What is its impact on health? Child who has a
cleft lip/palate can have: Failure to gain weight,
Feeding problems, Flow of milk through nasal
passages during feeding, Poor growth,
Repeated ear infections and Speech difficulties
 Who has this condition?
Risk factors infants are born with condition and
also include a family history of cleft lip or palate
and other birth defects. About 1 out of 2,500
people have a cleft palate.

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
Cirrhosis
What is cirrhosis? Chronic
progressive disease of the
liver. Normal tissue
replaced by fibrous
connective tissue
What are the symptoms?
Fatigue, weakness, loss of
appetite, itching, easy
bruising.

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
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What is the main
cause of cirrhosis of
the liver?
75% caused by
excessive alcohol
consumption
How do you treat
cirrhosis of the liver?
If cause is alcohol use
stop drinking alcohol.
May Need a liver
transplant.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
Constipation

What is constipation? When
defecation delayed, feces becomes dry
and hard
What are some causes? Not drinking
enough fluids, medications, not
eating the right foods.
How can constipation be prevented?
diet with cereals, fruits, vegetables,
(roughage) drinking plenty of fluids,
exercise, and avoiding tension
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive disorders
Diarrhea
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Diarrhea Loose, watery, frequent
bowel movements when feces pass
along colon to rapidly
What causes it? Caused by
infection , poor diet, nervousness,
toxic substances or irritants in food
What are the effects on your
health? Can become
dehydrated, dry skin, scanty
urine.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive disorders
Gastroenteritis
What is gastroenteritis?
Inflammation of mucous
membrane lining of stomach and
intestine
Common cause = Virus
What healthcare professional would
you see for treatment?
Gastroenterologist
2.08 Understand the functions and
disorders of the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
Gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD)

What are some common
causes of GERD? Avoid
chocolate and peppermint,
coffee, citrus, fried or fatty
foods, tomato products –
stop smoking- take
antacids – don’t lay down
2-3 hours after eating.
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the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
Hepatitis

Acute
Chronic
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Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E

What are some common
symptoms of hepatitis?
Flu like symptoms,
fatigue, dark stools,
jaundice skin and eyes.

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the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
Irritable bowel syndrome
 Define irritable bowel syndrome. a
disorder that leads to abdominal pain and
cramping, changes in bowel movements,
and other symptoms.
Discuss how will treatments relate to:
Lifestyle changes can help in some cases
of IBS. For example, regular exercise and
improved sleep habits may reduce anxiety
and help relieve bowel symptoms.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
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Treatment
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Diet: Avoid foods and
drinks that stimulate the
intestines (such as
caffeine, tea, or colas)
Avoid large meals
Increase fiber in the diet
(this may improve
constipation but make
bloating worse)
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Medication
Anticholinergic medications
taken a half hour before eating
to control intestinal muscle
spasms
Bisacodyl to treat constipation
Loperamide to treat diarrhea
Low doses of tricyclic
antidepressants to help relieve
intestinal pain
Lubiprostone for constipation
symptoms
Rifaximin an antibiotic
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
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Disorders of the digestive system
Peptic ulcer
What is a peptic ulcer?
 Sore or lesion that forms in the
mucosal lining of the stomach
What causes it? H. pylori (bacteria) is
primary cause, smoking cigarettes or
chewing tobacco, being very ill, such
as being on a breathing machine
having radiation treatments, drinking
too much alcohol or taking aspirin, or
ibuprofen.

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
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Peptic Ulcer
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How is it treated?
Rx – H2 blockers ( drugs) that
block release of histamine
Treatment involves a combination
of medications to kill the H. pylori
bacteria (if present), and reduce
acid levels in the stomach. This
strategy allows your ulcer to heal
and reduces the chance it will
come back.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
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Relevance of nutrition to the
digestive system

Healthy dietary habits
help maintain
homeostasis of body
systems
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the digestive system
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Relevance of nutrition to the
digestive system
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Vitamins
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Fat soluble
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Vitamins A, D, E, K
Water soluble
Vitamins C, B
Electrolytes
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Calcium
Chloride
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
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disorders of the digestive system
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Minerals and Trace Elements
Mineral
Calcium
Chloride
Magnesium
Phosphorus
From
inorganic
compounds in
food, many
necessary
form human
growth and
maintenance
Most
important are
sodium,
potassium,
calcium iron
is a mineral
found in many
foods. The
body needs
calcium to
maintain
strong bones
and to carry
out many
important
functions
It is an
important
constituent of
stomach
hydrochloric
acid (HCl), the
key digestive
acid. Chloride
is also
needed to
maintain the
body's acidbase balance.
It is needed for
glucose and fat
breakdown
Production of
proteins,
enzymes and
antioxidants
Creation of
DNA and RNA
Regulation of
cholesterol
production
is found in the
blood and
cells, in higher
concentration
inside cells,
where it
functions
mostly as an
energy carrier.
In bones, it
helps provide
strength and
structure.
ders of the digestive system
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Electrolytes
Potassium
Sodium
Is used in digestion to
synthesize proteins and
starch and is a major
constituent of muscle
tissue.
helps digest proteins and
carbohydrates and keeps
your blood from becoming
too acidic or too alkaline.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
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Vitamins
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Vitamin- biologically active
organic compound
Function as coenzyme for
normal health and growth,
some behave like hormones
A,D,E,K – fat soluble vitamins –
can be stored by the body
B vitamins, pantothenic acid,
folic acid, biotin and Vitamin C –
water soluble – can’t be stored,
excess excreted by body
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
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2.08 Understand the functions and
disorders of the digestive system
Essential questions





What are the functions of the digestive system?
How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion
interrelate?
What are the common disorders of the digestive system?
How are disorders of the digestive system treated?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
digestive system?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of
the digestive system
26
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
27
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
28
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
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2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
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Questions for all BM maps

On each bubble map
you are to draw the
pictures and color and
write what the
significance of each
picture is as it relates
to the digestive
system.

Color each bubble
map pictures and
write in color not
yellow.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders
of the digestive system
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