Download (pyridoxal, Amino acid metabolism Whole grain cereals, milk

Functions, Dietary Sources, Requirements,
and Deficiencies of B-Complex Vitamins
Vitamin
Function
B1-thiamine
Coenzyme in
carbohdrate and
protein metabolism
B2-riboflavin
Coenzyme in
carbohydrate and
protein metabolism
Niacin - (nicotinic acid) Coenzyme in
carbohydrate and
protein metabolism
B6-(pyridoxal,
Amino acid metabolism
pyridoxamine,
pyridoxine)
Panthothenic acid
Active in coenzyme A
B12-cyanocobalamin
Folic acid (folacin)
Biotin
Nucleic metabolism
(red blood cell formation)
Purine metabolism
(red blood cell formation)
Essential fr activity of
enzyme systems
Major Dietary Sources
Pork whole and enriched
cereal grains, legumes, meats
Milk, green vegetables, meat,
fish, and eggs
Meat, legumes, enriched
or whole grain cereals
Whole grain cereals, milk,
meat, and vegetables
Widely distributed in many
foods
Animal foods, meat and
dairy products
Green leay vegetables
organ meats
Widely distributed in many
foods
Some Minerals Essential to Health
Mineral
Best Source
Calcium
Milk
Cheese
Sardines and other
whole canned fish
Vegetable greens
Phosphorus
Meat, poulry, fish
Milk
Cheese
Dried beans and peas
Whole grain products
Magnesium
Whole grains
Nuts
Soybeans
Green, leafy vegetables
Important Functions
Deficiency Symptoms
Normal development
and maintenance of
bone and teeth
Clotting of the blood
Normal heart action
Normal muscle activity
Iron use
Retarded growth
Poor tooth formation
Rickets
Slow clotting time of blood
Porous bones
Formation of normal bones
and teeth
Cell structure
Maintenance of normal blood
tissue
Normal muscle activity
Production of energy
Protein synthesis
Bone-building
Acid base balance
Retarded growth
Poor tooth formation
Rickets
Porous bones
Hyperexcitabbility
Weakness
Depression
Tremors
Convulsions
Mineral
Best Source
Iodine
Seafoods
Iodized salt
Important Functions
Formation of thyroxine,
a hormone that controls
metabolism rate
Deficiency Symptoms
Goiter
Slow metabolism
Iron
Liver, organ meat
Oysters
Vegetable greens
Dried beans and peas
Dried fruits
Egg yolk
Whole grain or
enriched products
Formation of hemogolobin
Anemia characterized by:
of the red blood cells
Weakness
Carrying oxygen to body tissues
Dizziness
Loss of weight
Gastric disturbances
Pallor
Copper
Liver
Dried beans and peas
Meat
Nuts
Cereals
Formation of hemogolobin
Anemia (see iron)
Nutrition-related complications of the oral cavity
Nutrient
Thiamin(B1)
Riboflavin(B2)
Niacin(B3)
Pyridoxine(B6)
Cobalamin(B12)
Folic acid
Biotin
Deficiency symptoms
Increased sensitivity and burning sensation of oral mucosa,
burning tongue, loss of taste and appetite
Angular cheilosis, blue-to-purple mucosa, inflamed mucosa
glossitis, magenta tongue, enlarged fungiform papilla. Atrophy
and inflammation of filiform papilla, burning tongue
Glossitis, ulcerations of tongue, atrophy of papilla, cheilosis,
thin epithelium, burning of oral mucosa, stomatitis, erythemic
marginal and attached gingiva, loss of appetite
Cheilosis, glossitis, atrophy and burning of tongue, stomatitis
Stomatitis, hemorrhaging, pale-to-yellow mucosa, glossitis,
atrophy and burning of tongue, altered taste, loss of appetite
Glossitis with enlargement of fungiform papilla, ulcerrations
along edge of tongue, gingivitis, erosion and ulcerations on
buccal mucosa, pale mucosa
Glossitis, patchy atrophy of papilla, gray mucosa
Nutrient
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin D,
Calcium &
phosphorus
Phosphorus
Deficiency symptoms
Odontoblast atrophy, porotic dentin formation, gingival
inflammation with easy bleeding, deep-red-to-purple
gingiva, ulceration and necrosis, delayed wound healing.
muscle/joint pain, defects in collagen formation, petechia
Ameloblast atrophy, faulty bone and tooth formation,
accelerated periodontal destruction, hypoplasia, xerostomia,
cleft lip, ketratinization of epithelium, drying and hardening
of salivary glands, impaired taste
Toxicity symptoms:Hypertrophy of bone, cracking and
bleeding lips, thinning of epitelium, erythemic gingiva,
cheilosis
Failure of bones to heal, mild calcification to enamel
hypoplasia, loss of alveolar/mandibular bone, delayed
eruption, increased caries rate, loss of lamina dura around
roots of tooth
Toxicity symptoms:Poor tooth formation and bone
demineralization
Nutrient
Vitamin K
Iron
Zinc
Protein
Selenium
Fluoride
Magnesium
Deficiency symptoms
Gingival hermorrhaging
Painful oral cavity; stomatitis; thinned buccal mucosa with
ulcerations; pale-to-gray mucosa, lips, and tongue; angular
cheilosis; burning tongue; reddening at lips and margins of
tongue; atrophy of filiform papilla
Thickening of epithelium, thickening of tongue with
underlying muscle atrophy, impaired taste, atrophy of
filiform papilla
Smooth, edematous tongue; angular cheilosis; fissures on
lower lip; smaller teeth; delayed eruption; delayed wound
healing; dental caries
Toxicity symptoms: Dental caries
Dental caries
Toxicity symptoms : Enamel fluorosis
Retardation in dentin formation, enamel hypoplasia, atrophy
of ameloblasts and odontoblasts, enamel hyperplasia
Groups at Nutritional Risk
Elderly
Dentate status
Medical Problems
Polypharmacy
Psychosocial issues
Xerostomia
Osteoporosis
Low income
Individuals undergoing periods of rapid growth
Pregnant and lactating women
Infants and children
Individuals receiving inadequate calories or protein
Eating disorders
Long-term dieting
Medically compromised individuals
HIV infection
Cancer
Diabetes
Certain medications or polypharmacy
Alcoholics
Foods that Protect Against Dental Caries
Cheese
Milk
Nuts
Products made with xylitol
Meat, fish, poultry, and eggs
Fat
Butter
Cream
Cream cheese
Margarine
Oils
Sour cream
OBTAIN HEALTH
1. Identify
PREVENT
A dental patient who
requires nutrition intervention
2. Assess
. Health history
4. Implement DENTAL . Anthropometrics
strategies
TEAM . Laboratory values
. Dietary intake
3. Formulate
The treatment plan
MAINTAIN HEALTH