Download Applied Pharmacology Yagiela,JA,Neidle,EA, Dowd,FJ

Applied Pharmacology
Donald A. Falace, D.M.D.
Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine
Presented by Dr. Lynn Theiss
Drug History
• What drugs, pills,
medications is the
patient taking, or
supposed to be taking?
–
–
–
–
Patient provided info
Look at med labels
Call patient at home
Call pharmacist
• For what purpose are
the drugs being taken?
• Are these drugs
consistent with medical
history?
Pitfalls
• Patients may only tell you about drugs they
think you need to know about as a dentist
(“What does that have to do with my teeth?)
• Patients won’t remember what drugs they are
taking
• Patients won’t remember why they are taking a
drug
• Patients will forget to tell you about a drug that
they take infrequently (e.g nitroglycerine)
• Patients will provide you with a phonetic
spelling or pronunciation of the drug (e.g.
“Sele-Brix” for Celebrex)
Drug Nomenclature
• Generic Name
– The official name of the chemical compound; public
domain
– Example: diazepam, fluoxetine, ciprofloxacin
– Get used to using the generic name, rather than the
brand name
• Brand or Trade Name
– The commercial name under which the drug is
marketed by the manufacturer; copyrighted
– Example: Valium, Prozac, Cipro
– May be different brand names for the same generic
product
Prescription Drug Work Sheet
• Separate form filled out
for each prescription
drug the patient is
taking
• Type/category of drug
• Purpose of drug
• Mechanism of action
• Drug interactions
–
–
–
–
Epinephrine
Analgesics
Antimicrobials
Sedatives
• Oral manifestations
• Side effects
Sources of Drug Information
• Drug Information Handbook for Dentistry
• Mosby’s Dental Drug Reference
• Physician’s Desk Reference (“PDR”)
– OTC drugs
– Nutritional supplements
– Herbal medications
• Drug Information for the Health Care Provider
(“the Bible”)
• Websites (online or downloaded to PDA)
– ePocrates
– Micromedex
• Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry
Drug Information Handbook
Series (Lexicomp)
• Portable, convenient size
• Relatively inexpensive
(~ $38)
• Alphabetical listing of
drugs, both generic and
brand name
• Therapeutic index
• Numerous helpful
appendicies
Mosby’s Dental Drug
Reference
• Portable, convenient
size
• Relatively
inexpensive(~$39);
convenient
• Alphabetical listing
of drugs, both
generic and brand
name
Physician’s Desk Reference
(PDR)
• Very accessible, easily
obtained
• Moderately priced
(~$85)
• Drug companies pay to
have their products
included
• Package inserts
• Pictorial section
• Therapeutic index
Drug Information for the Health
Care Professional (USP DI)
• Published by the USP
organization
• Exhaustive,
authoritative
• Expert advisory panel;
distributed for review
and comment
• Expensive (~$165)
• Wealth of information
• “The Bible”
Web-Based Data Bases
• ePocrates.com ;
downloadable to PDA
(Free - $50)
• Clinical Pharmacology
2000 ~$130; Free at
UKMC;
(http://cpip.gsm.com)
Drug References Exercises
• Searching by brand
name is most
common
• Will be referred to
information on the
generic formulation
• Format differs with
each reference source
Inderal (Propanolol)
•
•
•
•
Type/category of drug
Purpose of drug
Mechanism of action
Drug interactions
–
–
–
–
Epinephrine
Analgesics
Antimicrobials
Sedatives
• Oral manifestations
• Side effects
PDR- Inderal
Index
Pictorial
PDR; Text
Drug Information-Inderal
Index
Brand Name Citation
Drug Information; Text
Drug Work Sheet: Inderal
Rheumatrex (Methotrexate)
•
•
•
•
Type/category of drug
Purpose of drug
Mechanism of action
Drug interactions
–
–
–
–
Epinephrine
Analgesics
Antimicrobials
Sedatives
• Oral manifestations
• Side effects
PDR-Rheumatrex
Index
Pictorial
PDR; Text
Drug Information-Rheumatrex
Index
Brand Name Citation
Drug Information; Text
Drug Work Sheet: Rheumatrex
The End