Download EXPERINCE IN IMPLEMENTING INFECTION CONTROL

INTRODUCTION TO
INFECTION CONTROL
ICNO
Infection Control Unit,
Teaching Hospital,
Jaffna.
What is infection control?
Infection control is a series of
procedures and guidelines to
prevent
hospital
associated
infection. [H.A.I]
Hospital acquired infections
 Acquired by patients during their stay in the
hospital
 Neither present nor incubating at the time the
patient was admitted to the health care facility and
may appear even after the patient is discharged
 Symptoms appear usually 48-72 hours after
admission
Sources of infections
 Endogenous – due to organisms in own flora.
Eg: group B streptococcal infections
 Exogenous – infections acquired from outside.
(Cross infections/HAI)
-Infected or colonized patients/staff
-Contaminated equipment/ medication
-Environment – surfaces, air, food, water
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HAI – Why is it a problem?
 Caused by hospital bacteria – Resistant to
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commonly used antibiotics
Eg:- MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aurous)
ESBL (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase)
Have to use expensive drugs in their treatment
Duration of infection is usually long
Higher mortality
Increased economic burden
Quality of life
Pain/suffering/ depression
Types of HAI
 Urinary Tract Infections
 Respiratory Tract Infections – ventilator
associated pneumonia
 Surgical site Infections
 Septicaemia
 Skin & Soft tissue Infections
 Meningitis -rare
Causative organisms
Gram negative bacilli- E.coli ,
- Klebsiella spp
- Serratia spp
- Acinetobacter spp
- Pseudomonas spp
Gram positive cocci – S. aureus (MRSA)
- Enterococci (VRE)
Gram positive bacilli – Corynebacteria spp
- Clostredium difficilli
Candida spp
Factors affecting HAI
 Age – elderly & very young patients
 Underlying Diseases
 Invasive procedures
 Immunosuppression – Cytotoxic drugs
 Trauma , Burns
 Implants
Routes of Spread of
Infections
 Contact – direct - hands
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- indirect via fomites
Respiratory tract - air born particles <5µ
– droplet particles >5µ
Faeco–oral – food & water
- poor hygiene
IV fluids & medications
Blood & blood products
Sharp injuries -occupational
Splashes on to mucus membranes -occupational
How are these infections
transmitted?
H.A.I may be transmitted
health care workers
patients, from patient
patient and from patient
health care workers.
by
to
to
to
Prevention of Hospital
Infections
Many of these infection can be controlled
following a set of very simple practical
guidelines called stranded precaution.
 Elimination of source of infection
 Interruption of transmission
 Enhancing the host ability to resist infection
STANDARD PRECAUTION
1.Hand hygiene
2.Use personal protective equipment [PPE]
3.Proper cleaning disinfection and sterilization
of patient care equipment.
4.Environmental cleaning and disinfection
when necessary.
5.Proper handling of linen.
6.Proper waste disposal.
7.Proper handing and disposal of sharps.
8.Occupational Health
SPECIFIC MEASURES
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Facilities for hand washing and drying
Adequate space
Ventilation
Isolation facilities
Health care workers with out infection.
Infection surveillance
Antibiotic policy
Liaison with infection control team
Health education of staff, patients and
visitors
THANK YOU
ICNO
Infection Control Unit,
Teaching Hospital,
Jaffna.