Download Unit 12 Invertebrate Diagrams and Videos

UNIT 12: INVERTEBRATES
Evolution
Animal Embryological Development
3 Germ
Layers
3
Phylogeny
4
2
Phylum Porifera
Sponges
Sessile
Porous Bodies
PARAZOA (No True Tissue)
Filter/ Suspension Feeders (pump water)
Color - symbiotic algae
Regeneration
Hermaphrodites
Phylum Cnidaria
RADIATA (Radial Symmetry)
Diploblastic (Ectoderm and Endoderm)
Jellyfish and Sea Anemone
Stinging capsules
Sac with a central digestive compartment
Sessile polyp and the floating medusa Muscles and nerves (simple)
Tentacles (capture prey)
No brain
Noncentralized nerve net
YouTube - Cnidarian Eating.mov
YouTube - Cnidaria Ability To Move.mov
YouTube - Sponge Feeding.mov
YouTube - Sponge Reproduction.mov
YouTube - Sea Sponges Under The Sea
Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
Phylum Rotifera (Rotifers) BILATERIA
BILATERIA (Bilateral Symmetry)
Triploblastic (Endo-, Ecto-, Mesoderm)
Acoelemates (No Body Cavity)
Jaws
Crowns of cilia
Complete digestive tract
Mouth and anus
Free-living forms
Some parasites (tapeworm/fluke)
Flattened dorsoventrally
Lack organs specialized for
gas exchange and circulation
Osmoregulatory (pharynx opening)
Hermaphrodites, copulating
YouTube - Planarian Regeneration Part 1.mov
YouTube - Planarian Regeneration Part 2.mov
True muscle tissue
Lack a digestive tract
Head (cephalized)
Pair of eyespots
Smell
Learn to modify their
responses to stimuli
Triploblastic
Pseudocoelomates (False Body Cavity)
Some Parthenogenesis (all females)
Some degenerate males (sperm donors)
Phylum Mollusca
BILATERIA
Triploblastic
Coelomate (True Body Cavity)
PROTOSTOMIA (Coelom From Cell Masses)
Snails and Slugs (land),
Oysters, Clams, Octopuses
and Squids
Most have hard shell made of calcium carbonate
Gills
Muscular foot
Radula to scrape up food
Nerve cords
Visceral mass
Open
circulatory system
Mantle
Dorsal heart
Circulatory fluid (hemolymph)
Arteries
Excretory organs
(nephridia)
Most separate
sexes, with
gonads (ovaries
YouTube - Wow! Giant octopus - extreme animals - BBC wildlife
or testes)
YouTube - Cuttlefish: Chameleons of the Sea
Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
Earthworms, Leaches
Segmentation
Digestive system with
specialized regions
Closed circulatory system
Blood pumping vessels
Brainlike pair of cerebral
ganglia
Pair of nerve cords
Hermaphrodites, but they
cross-fertilize
Regeneration (asexual)
BILATERIA
Triploblastic
Coelomate
PROTOSTOMIA
Complex brain
Closed circulatory system
Phylum Nematoda (round worms)
Pinworms, Hookworms
BILATERIA
Triploblastic
Pseudocoelomate
Nonsegmented pseudocoelomates
Tough cuticle covering (exoskeleton)
YouTube - Roundworm inside cat's intestine
Molting, or ecdysis
YouTube - Parasites Eating Us Alive - Part 2
Complete digestive tract YouTube - Parasite Monsters Inside Me - Part 1
YouTube - Monsters Inside Me: Toddler Under Attack
No circulatory system
YouTube - Monsters Inside Me- Pork Tapeworm
YouTube - Removing Intestinal Worms and Parasites from a 3
Separate sexes
Internal fertilization
Phylum Arthropoda
Insects, Spiders, Crustaceans, Scorpions, Centipedes, Millipedes, Ticks, Mites
Segmented coelomates
Two out of every three organisms known are arthropods
Nearly all habitats
Exoskeletons (cuticle/chiton)
Well-developed sensory organs (sight, smell, touch)
Molting (ecdysis)
Jointed appendages
Cephalization is extensive
modified for walking, feeding, sensory reception,
Open circulatory systems (hemolymph)
copulation, and defense
Heart (arteries and spaces called sinuses)
Specialized gas exchange (gills/ trachea)
BILATERIA
Triploblastic
Coelomate
PROTOSTOMIA
Phylum Echinodermata
Radial Symmetry
Triploblastic
Coelomate
DEUTERSTOMIA
Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars
Water vascular system and secondary
radial anatomy
Sessile or slow-moving animals
Endoskeleton
Water vascular system
Regeneration
Tube feet
Metamorphosis from bilateral larvae
Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Vertebrata)
BILATERIA
Triploblastic
Coelomate
DEUTEROSTOMIA
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Summary the animal phyla we have discussed in this chapter.
Choanocytes (collar cells--unique flagellated cells that ingest bacteria and tiny food
particles); cells tend to be totipotent (retain zygote’s potential to form the whole animal)
Unique stinging structures (cnidae), each housed in a specialized cell (cnidocyte);
gastrovascular cavity (incomplete digestive tract with a mouth but no anus)
Colloblasts (adhesive structures) for prey capture; eight rows of comblike ciliary plates;
gastrovascular cavity
Dorsoventrally flattened, unsegmented acoelomates; gastrovascular cavity or no
disgestive tract
Pseudocoelomates with complete digestive tracts; jaws in pharynx structures (trophi);
head with a cilated crown (corona); no circulatory system
Coelomates with lophophore (feeding structure bearing cilated tentacles)
Unique anterior proboscis surrounded by fluid-filled cavity (rhynchocoel); complete
digestive tract (mouth and anus); circulatory system with closed vessels
Coelomates with three main body parts (muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle); coelom
reduced; main body cavity is a hemocoel
Coelomates with body wall and internal organs (except digestive tract) segmented
Cylindrical, unsegmented pseudocoelomates with tapered ends; no circulatory system
Coelomates with segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeleton from ectoderm
Coelomates with secondary radial anatomy (larvae bilateral; adults radial); unique water
vascular system; endoskeleton
Coelomates with notochord; dorsal hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits; muscular
postanal tail