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Chapter 12
Invertebrate Animals
Chapter 12.1
Most animals are invertebrates.
1. Invertebrates are a diverse group of organisms.
Invertebrates include all groups of animals that do not have backbones.
The six groups of invertebrates include:
sponges, cnidarians, worms, mollusks, echinoderms, and arthropods.
Invertebrates live in a variety of environments on both land and in water.
sponges
cnidarians
worms
mollusks
arthropods
echinoderms
2. Sponges are simple animals.
• A sponge is made up of a body wall with inner and outer layers.
• Specialized food cells digest plankton and other tiny organisms
that sponges feed upon.
• Sponges reproduce asexually by budding.
The new sponges are genetically identical to the parent sponge.
Sponges also reproduce sexually by releasing sperm into the water.
Sperm from one sponge then fertilizes the eggs of another sponge.
Immature sponges, or larvae, are then released into the water where
they attach to an underwater surface and remain sessile (not moving).
You Tube video:
Filtering Barrel and Chimney Sponges
- Cloud Sponges (Aphrocallistes vastus), are deep-water animals that
form large billowing growths up to 10 feet in diameter and nearly 7 feet high.
- They belong to a group of primitive organisms that use silica to form
glass-like spicules to form the support structure of the sponge.
-They are found from Alaska to Mexico, typically in inlets, on
rock walls and ledges at depths of 100 feet and deeper.
Chapter 12.2
Cnidarians and worms have different body plans.
1. Cnidarians have simple body systems.
ex. jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydras.
-have tentacles with specialized stinging cells that contain
nematocysts (capsules that hold poisonous barbed filaments)
- purpose of these stinging cells:
a. capture prey (food)
b. protect from predators
- tissues in the cnidarians body include muscle and nerve cells that allow
them to sense and respond to stimuli in the environment.
- cnidarians reproduce both asexually and sexually.
The jellyfish life cycle includes two stages:
a. polyp stage that is sessile
b. medusa stage that is mobile
The polyps release disk-shaped buds, which grow into adult medusas.
2. Animals have different body plans.
a. radial body plan - organized around a central point, usually a mouth that leads
into a cavity where food is digested.
b. bilateral body plan - two mirror images of each other
- have front and back ends.
- front end usually includes a head and mouth that
consumes food
- back end releases wastes
c. asymmetrical body plan - no symmetry.
Draw lines of symmetry (if any) through these organisms:
Draw lines of symmetry (if any) through these organisms:
1
5
none
1
4
3. Most worms have complex body systems.
There are three main types of worms:
a.) flatworms - simplest worms; often live as parasites
b.) roundworms - more complex than flatworms
c.) segmented worms (annelids) - divided into segments. ex. earthworm
- annelids have digestive, circulatory, muscular, and nervous systems.
- annelids reproduce both asexually and sexually.
Flatworms
ex. Planarian
Dugesia japonica
You tube
Tubellarian Flat Worm
Planarian 1:30min.
Roundworms
ex. Toxascaris leonina
Chapter 12.3
Most mollusks have shells, and echinoderms have spiny skeletons.
1. Mollusks are soft-bodied animals.
ex. bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods.
Most mollusks have a hard, outer shell & relatively well-developed organ systems
They also have: a muscular foot
a mantle (layer of folded skin that protects internal organs)
Chapter 12.3
1. Mollusks are soft-bodied animals.
bivalves
gastropods
cephalopods
2. Mollusks show a range of adaptations.
The muscular foot is a feature that has been adapted to function differently
for each group of mollusks.
3. Echinoderms have unusual adaptations.
ex. sea stars, sea urchins, and sand dollars
- many have radial symmetry
- have mouths that are located in the center of the body & feed upon the ocean floor
- have spines and internal skeletons.
- water vascular systems and tube feet enable echinoderms to move
3. Echinoderms have unusual adaptations.
You Tube
Sea Stars fighting over a scallop
Sea stars 1:42min
Chambered nautilus
Nautilus pompilius
You Tube
Nautilus movement
Nautilus movement 2:54min
Complete the table on Mollusks:
Bivalves
Gastropods
Cephalopods
Characteristics
made of two
matching
shell halves
most are protected
by a spiral-shaped
shell
most have eyes
and tentacles
for catching prey
Examples
1.clams
2.scallops
3.mussels
4.oysters
1. snails
2. slugs
3. conches
4. whelks
5. periwinkles
1. squids
2. octopuses
3. chambered
nautiluses
Chapter 12.4
Arthropods have exoskeletons and joints.
1. Most invertebrates are arthropods.
Chapter 12.4
Arthropods have exoskeletons and joints.
1. Most invertebrates are arthropods.
- segmented body covered with an exoskeleton
- an outer covering that is made up of chitin
- exoskeleton is shed as the animal grows in a process called molting.
- have complex body systems
- three main groups of arthropods: insects, crustaceans, and arachnids.
2. Insects are six-legged arthropods.
• All adult insects have three distinct body segments and six legs.
• Insects have a variety of adaptations such as specialized
mouth parts, wings, and color and shape to blend into the environment.
• Insects undergo a process called metamorphosis in which the
insect’s appearance and body systems change at each life stage.
- Insects may go through simple or complete metamorphosis.
simple
metamorphosis
complete
metamorphosis
LABEL the head, thorax, abdomen, antennae, and jointed legs on the ant:
LABEL the head, thorax, abdomen, antennae, and jointed legs on the ant:
head
thorax
antennae
jointed legs
abdomen
3. Crustaceans live in water and on land.
ex. lobsters, shrimp, crabs, barnacles, krill, and copepods.
- complex body systems that include a circulatory system.
What are these?
LAND crustaceans
Sowbugs are land crustaceans which look very similar to pillbugs.
Sowbugs are small crustaceans with oval bodies.
Their back consists of a number of overlapping plates.
They have 7 pairs of legs, and antennae which reach about half the body length.
Most are slate gray in color, and may reach about 15 mm long and 8 mm wide.
The Pillbug when disturbed, frequently rolls into a tight ball, with its legs tucked inside.
Sowbugs have gills which need constant moisture, so they tend to live in moister northwest climates.
They are primarily nocturnal, and eat decaying leaf litter and vegetable matter.
They may also feed on the tips of young plants, so can be considered pests,
but they also help the environment by breaking up decaying plant matter and
help speed up the recycling of the nutrients they contain.
4. Arachnids are eight-legged arthropods.
ex. spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions.
- two body segments
- spiders have a unique adaptation for capturing prey by
spinning webs made of silk.
5. Millipedes and centipedes are arthropods.
millipedes - two pairs of walking legs on each body segment.
centipedes - one pair of walking legs per body segment.
Do Now:
1. aacdiinnr
What am I?
2. dmnoorrsuw
Unscramble to find out!
3. egnops
What kind of symmetry does each have?
Do Now:
1. cnidarian
radial
What am I?
2. roundworms
bilateral
Unscramble to find out!
3. sponge
asymmetrical
Do Now:
What am I?
Unscramble to find out!
1. adhooprrst
3. aacdhinr
2. acdehloopps
Do Now:
What am I?
Unscramble to find out!
1. arthropods
3. arachnid
2. cephalopods
Read Squishy Snack article
Answer the following on ISN p. 14:
1. Define the following in your own words:
- Larvae
- Entomologist
- Entomophagy
- Exoskeleton
2. Create an acrostic poem using
the word LARVAE
- Use words or short phrases that relate to larvae
Ex.
Like to fry and eat
A
R
V
A
Edible
Match the following:
1. Sponge
Tentacles for stinging prey
2. Cnidarian
Simplest animal
3. Mollusk
Soft body; many have hard shells
Match the following:
1. Sponge
Tentacles for stinging prey
2. Cnidarian
Simplest animal
3. Mollusk
Soft body; many have hard shells
Match the following:
1. Sponge
A. Tentacles for stinging prey
2. Cnidarian
B. Spiny skinned; internal skeleton
3. Mollusk
C. Simplest animal
4. Worm
D. Jointed limbs & exoskeleton
5. Echinoderm
E. Soft body; many have hard shells
6. Arthropod
F. Bilateral symmetry;
includes flat, round and annelids
Match the following:
1. Sponge
Tentacles for stinging prey
2. Cnidarian
Spiny skinned; internal skeleton
3. Mollusk
Simplest animal
4. Worm
Jointed limbs & exoskeleton
5. Echinoderm
Soft body; many have hard shells
6. Arthropod
Bilateral symmetry;
includes flat, round and annelids
Quiz on Invertebrates (chapter 12) - TOPICS
Vocabulary
Key characteristics of the SIX invertebrate groups
THREE types of symmetry and examples of each
Similarities & Differences between arthropod groups
(ex. insects, arachnids, crustaceans)
Know what annelids are and what makes them more
complex compared to other worms
Quiz on Invertebrates (chapter 12) - TOPICS
Vocabulary
Key characteristics of the SIX invertebrate groups
THREE types of symmetry and examples of each
Similarities & Differences between arthropod groups
(ex. insects, arachnids, crustaceans)
Know what annelids are and what makes them more
complex compared to other worms