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Nonverbal Messages Functions of Nonverbal Messages • Integrating Nonverbal and Verbal Messages • Researched Functions of Nonverbal Integrating Verbal and Nonverbal • Accent - highlight or emphasize • Complement - add meaning • Contradict - directly negates • Regulate - control • Repeat - nonverbal restatement • Substitute - takes place of verbal Research • Forming and Managing Impressions • Forming and Defining Relationships • Structuring Conversation and Social Interaction • Influence and Deception • Emotional Expression Channels of Nonverbal • Body Messages • Facial and Eye Movement • Spatial Message • Artifactual Communication • Touch Communication • Paralanguage and Silence • Time Communication Body Movements • Emblems - body gestures that directly translate • Illustrates - enhance the verbal message • Affect Displays - communicate emotional meaning • Regulators - monitor, control, coordinate, or maintain the speech of another Body Movements • Adaptors - satisfy some personal need • Alter-adaptors - directed at the other person • Self-adaptors - directed at self • Object-adaptors - focused on objects • Attractiveness - indicates visual appeal and pleasant personality Facial and Eye • Facial Management - enable you to express feelings so as to achieve desired effects. • intensify? • deintensify? • neutralize? • mask? • stimulate • Facial Feedback Facial and Eye • Eye - depends on duration, directing, and quality • Seeks feedback, indicates channel, signals relationship, and psychological distance • Civil Inattention - ignoring to help others maintain privacy Spatial Messages • Distances • Intimate - within 18 inches • Personal - 18 inches - 4 feet • Social - 4 to 12 feet • Public - 12 to 25 feet Spatial Messages • Territoriality • Primary - areas you call your own • Secondary - areas you don’t own, but you associate with • Public - areas open to all Spatial Messages • Central markers - objects placed to reserve your space • Boundary markers - divide your territory from others • Ear markers - identify you possession Artifactual Communication • Artifactual messages - messages conveyed through objects or arrangements made by human hands • Color • Clothing and Body • Space Decoration • Smell Touch Communication • Touch - most primitive form of nonverbal communication • Haptics - study of touch communication Touch Communication • Meanings of Touch • Positive Emotions • Playfulness • Control or direct behavior • Ritual • Task related • Touch Avoidance - avoiding touch from certain people or in certain situations Paralanguage and Silence • Paralanguage - vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech • Stressed words • Rate of speech • Volume • Rhythm • Pitch • Fillers Paralanguage and Silence • Functions of Silence • Signals time to think • Weapon • Personal anxiety or shyness • To prevent communication • Communicate emotional response • Nothing to say Time Communication • Psychological time - the relative importance we place on past, present, and future • Monochronic - schedule one thing at a time • Polychronic - schedule multiple things at the same time Nonverbal and Culture • Gesture • Facial and Eye • Color • Touch • Paralanguage and Silence • Time
