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Communication - Verbal Here is an example of what you might paraphrase from the notes to the left: Communication is the sharing of meaning. Words are symbols They represent things but are not the actual things When you say, hear, or see the Words = symbols ≠ actual things WORD elephant, you are not seeing or hearing the elephant but a symbol that stands for elephant. Communication Verbal The MEANINGS of words are NOT Here is an example of what Because people experience words you might paraphrase from the notes to the left: MEANINGS NOT always in dictionary each person = different emotional responses to words. denotative meaning = dictionary definition . connotative meaning = definition within individual (emotional/personal response) always found in a dictionary! in their own way, each person may have totally different emotional responses to the words. The definition found in a dictionary is called the denotative meaning. The definition found within an individual (emotional or personal response to a word) is called the connotative meaning. Communication Verbal Denotative meaning is the literal meaning. Connotative meaning is an individual’s feeling of the meaning. Here is an example of what you might paraphrase from the notes to the left: Denotative = literal Connotative = feelings Examples: The words home, house, residence and dwelling all have the same denotation, but the connotation of each word is very different. Denotation: Where a person lives at any given time. Connotation: Home: cozy, loving, comfortable House: the actual building or structure Residence: cold, no feeling Dwelling: primitive or basic surroundings More examples of connotative & denotative meanings: Communication Verbal Examples: slim, scrawny, and svelte Denotation: thin Connotation: What do you “picture” as differences between these three words that have the same denotative meaning? What is your connotation of the following words that refer to a young person? youngster, child, kid, little one, small fry, brat, urchin, juvenile, minor ALL WORDS HAVE DENOTATIVE Communication Verbal Here is an example of what you might paraphrase from the notes to the left: MEANINGS AND MAY HAVE DIFFERENT CONNOTATIVE MEANINGS FOR EACH PERSON. QUICK DRAW THE WORDS: Words have denotative AND connotative meanings VACATION DESSERT DOG TREE Meaning is found in people! Why does language change? Communication Verbal The world is constantly changing. New words are needed to describe new things and ideas. Words change as they are used in different ways by different people and societies or cultures. 1950: Gay = happy 1985: Gay = happy Gay = homosexual 2010: Gay = homosexual Gay = weird What other words can you think of that have changed? Communication Verbal Specialized language types: Technical Relates to a particular subject and is marked by specialization Educational (ex: ESL) Technology (software, Internet) Electrical Hobbies (cooking, athletics, stamp collecting) Others? Communication Verbal Specialized language types: Regional Speech that is particular to a geographical area bubbler, water fountain danish, roll creek, stream pop, soda Communication Verbal Specialized language types: Slang Informal, nonstandard vocabulary, unique to a particular group. the bomb Airhead Blown away Catchin’ some Z’s Others? Communication Verbal Specialized language types: Cultural Terms related to the particular background of a group of people Taro Catchment barrel Quinceanera Others? Communication Verbal Words can “include” or “exclude.” “Hey, come on over with us!” “No, we already have our group.” Words can “build up” and “put down.” “That was great!” “Dude, you really screwed up!” Words “reveal” and “conceal.” “That really makes me feel like…” “Never mind; it’s not important.” REVIEW – What did you learn today about communication? Communication Verbal Symbols Meanings Change Specialized language Include/exclude build up/put down Reveal/conceal
