Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Communication is the sharing of Here is an example of what you might paraphrase from the notes to the left: meaning. Words are symbols They represent things but are Words = symbols ≠ actual things not the actual things When you say, hear, or see the word elephant, you are not seeing or hearing the elephant but a symbol that stands for elephant. The MEANINGS of words are NOT Here is an example of what you might paraphrase from the notes to the left: MEANINGS NOT always in dictionary each person = different emotional responses to words. always found in a dictionary! Because people experience words in their own way, each person may have totally different emotional responses to the words. The definition found in a dictionary is called the denotative meaning. denotative meaning = dictionary definition . connotative meaning = definition within individual (emotional/personal response) The definition found within an individual (emotional or personal response to a word) is called the connotative meaning. Denotative meaning is the literal Here is an example of what you might paraphrase from the notes to the left: Denotative = literal Connotative = feelings meaning. Connotative meaning is an individual’s feeling of the meaning. Examples: The words home, house, residence and dwelling all have the same denotation, but the connotation of each word is very different. Denotation: Where a person lives at any given time. Connotation: Home: cozy, loving, comfortable House: the actual building or structure Residence: cold, no feeling Dwelling: primitive or basic surroundings More examples of connotative & denotative meanings: Examples: slim, scrawny, and svelte Denotation: thin Connotation: What do you “picture” as differences between these three words that have the same denotative meaning? What is your connotation of the following words that refer to a young person? youngster, child, kid, little one, small fry, brat, urchin, juvenile, minor ALL WORDS HAVE DENOTATIVE Here is an example of what you might paraphrase from the notes to the left: Words have denotative AND connotative meanings MEANINGS AND MAY HAVE DIFFERENT CONNOTATIVE MEANINGS FOR EACH PERSON. QUICK DRAW THE WORDS: VACATION DESSERT DOG TREE Meaning is found in people! Why does language change? The world is constantly changing. New words are needed to describe new things and ideas. Words change as they are used in different ways by different people and societies or cultures. 1950: Gay = happy 1985: Gay = happy Gay = homosexual 2009: Gay = homosexual Gay = weird What other words can you think of that have changed? Specialized language types: Technical Relates to a particular subject and is marked by specialization Educational (ex: ESL) Technology (software, Internet) Electrical Hobbies (cooking, athletics, stamp collecting) Others? Specialized language types: Regional Speech that is particular to a geographical area bubbler, water fountain danish, roll creek, stream Others? Specialized language types: Slang Informal, nonstandard vocabulary, unique to a particular group. the bomb Airhead Blown away Catch some Z’s Others? Specialized language types: Cultural Terms related to the particular background of a group of people Taro Catchment barrel Quinceanera Others? Words can “include” or “exclude.” “Hey, come on over with us!” “No, we already have our group.” Words can “build up” and “put down.” “That was great!” “Dude, you really screwed up!” Words “reveal” and “conceal.” “That really makes me feel like…” “Never mind; it’s not important.” REVIEW – What did you learn today about communication? Symbols Meanings Change Specialized language Include/exclude build up/put down Reveal/conceal registers