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Welcome to MT140
Introduction to Management
Unit 9 Seminar
Communication
Agenda
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General Questions and Announcements
Introduction
Define Communication
Identify Communications Problems to Avoid
Identify methods for handling resistance to
change
• Recap
• Unit 9 Coursework
• Conclusion of Seminar
Introduction
• The ability to communicate effectively is fundamental to
a manager’s success.
• Communication concepts and practical guidelines are
available to improve communication skills.
• Communication occurs through various channels, each
with advantages and disadvantages.
• Managers have the task of motivating people to keep
changing in response to new business challenges.
Seminar Item 1
• Defining Communication
How would you define communication?
Communication
• Communication - the transmission of information and
meaning from one party to another through the use of
shared symbols
Communication
• One-Way Communication - a process in which
information flows in only one direction - from the sender
to the receiver, with no feedback loop
• Two-Way Communication - a process in which
information flows in two directions - the receiver
provides feedback, and the sender is receptive to the
feedback
Seminar Item 2
• Identify communication problems to avoid
What do you think are some communication pitfalls?
Communication Pitfalls
Perception - the process
of receiving and interpreting
information
Communication Pitfalls
Filtering - the process
of withholding, ignoring,
or distorting information
Tactics to enhance effective
communication:
Verbal Behavior
Nonverbal Behavior
Accurate Interpretation
Comprehension
Design of Message
Verbal Behavior
• Clear, slow speech. Enunciate each word. Do not use
colloquial expressions.
• Repetition. Repeat each important idea using different
words to explain the same concept.
• Simple sentences. Avoid compound, long sentences.
• Active verbs. Avoid passive verbs.
Verbal Behavior Example
• Passive Verb – The new equipment is being
researched by Jack.
• Active Verb – Jack is researching the new equipment.
Nonverbal Behavior
• Visual restatements. Use as many visual
restatements as possible, such as pictures, graphs,
tables, and slides.
• Gestures. Use more facial and appropriate hand
gestures to emphasize the meaning of words.
• Demonstrations. Act out as many themes as
possible.
• Pauses. Pause more frequently.
• Summaries. Hand out written summaries of your
verbal presentation.
Accurate Information
• Silence. Do not jump in to fill the silence.
• Intelligence. Do not equate poor grammar and
mispronunciation with lack of intelligence
• Differences. If unsure, assume difference, not similarity.
Comprehension
• Understanding. Do not just assume that they
understand
• Checking comprehension. Have colleagues repeat their
understanding of the material back to you.
Design
• Breaks. Take more frequent breaks.
• Small modules. Divide the material to be presented into
smaller modules.
• Longer time frame. Allocate more time for each module
than you usually need for presenting the same material
to native speakers of your language.
Motivation
• Encouragement. Verbally and nonverbally encourage
and reinforce speaking by nonnative-language
participants.
• Drawing out. Explicitly draw out marginal and passive
participants.
• Reinforcement. Do not embarrass novice speakers.
Communication
How has the generation gap
affected communication
at your organization?
Seminar Topic 3:
• Identify methods for handling resistance
to change
-In your opinion, do you think that people are
generally resistant to change in the
workplace? Why?
Why People Resist Change
• Inertia: Don’t want to disturb status quo
• Timing: Employees may be stressed or relationship with
management strained
• Surprise: Sudden change leads to reflexive resistance
• Peer Pressure: If work team resist new idea then
individual feels pressure
• Self-Interest: Care more about own best interest over
organization’s best interest
• Misunderstanding: May not see how change fits
strategy
Encouraging Change
- What approaches have you or your organization used
to encourage change? What approach would work best
in breaking down your own resistance to change?
Approaches to Encourage Cooperation
• Education and communication
- educate before change occurs
- communicate nature of change and logic
- listening and feedback
• Participation and involvement
- involve people in design and implementation
• Facilitation and support
- make change as easy as possible
- provide training; empower people
- be understanding
Approaches to Encourage Cooperation
• Negotiation and rewards
- restructure rewards to reinforce direction of change
• Manipulation and cooptation
- cooptation: give resisting individual desirable role in
change process
• Explicit and implicit coercion
- punishment or threat of punishment for resistance
Managers must lead change.
Methods for Managing Resistance to Change
Leading
Change
Recap
• In this seminar, we have discussed:
-Define Communication/ Questions and Answers
-Identify Communications Problems to Avoid/
Questions and Answers
-Identify methods for handling resistance to change/
Questions and Answers
Unit 9 Coursework
• Reading: Chapter 12, pp. 263- 272 and Chapter 14 in
the Bateman and Snell text pp. 322-330.
• Discussion: “Communication Pitfalls” causes a problem
at Sandwich Blitz, Inc. How could this have been
avoided?
• Assignment: “Leading Change” at Sandwich Blitz by
implementing the 8 steps in Figure 14.3
• Review: 5 multiple choice questions
• Begin working on the Unit 10 Writing Assignment
Thank you for attending!