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Communication
 Communication is a symbolic, transactional
process, or the process of creating and sharing
meaning.
 Transactional means that when people
communicate, they have a mutual impact on each
other.
 A message is sent verbally and nonverbally
 The message is received and interpreted
 Verbal and nonverbal feedback is usually given
 Feedback is offered by the sender
Principles of Communication
 One cannot not behave
 One cannot not communicate
 The meaning of a given behavior is not the true
meaning of the behavior; it is, however, the
personal truth for the person who has given it a
particular meaning (subjective)
 Be curious! What is their reality?
 Communication takes place in a context
Interpersonal Communication Model
Noise
Interference
Noise
Interference
Senders
Actions
(Public)
Senders
Intentions
(Private)
Senders Style
Of Encoding
Effect On
Listener
(Private)
Listeners
Style Of
Decoding
Barriers to Listening
 Preoccupation or Lack of Interest
 1. Listen and develop interest.
 2. Pretend to listen.
 3. Tell them your not interested (honesty).
 Environmental Factors
 Noise, Distractions, Context or Situation
 Psychological Filter
 Assumptions, Hopes, Preconceived Ideas,
Stereotypes, Labels, Attitudes, Selective
Attention
Barriers to Listening Cont…
 Emotions
 Emotional states impact our ability to focus
 Take time out or learn to self-regulate
 Rate Differences
 Average rate of speech is125 to 175 words per
minute whereas the brain can process 500 to
1,000 words a minute (challenge to not wander
in our thoughts.
 Interpersonal Distance
 Intimate Zone (chest to 18 inches)
 Personal Zone (18 inches to 4 ft)
 Social Zone (4 ft to 12 ft)
Negative Listening Behaviors
 Interrupting
 Negative Listening Gestures
 Cheek Puffing, Eye Rolling, Shoulder
Shrugging,, Sighing, Smiling
Improving Listening Behaviors
 Open and Attentive Body Position
 Position in Relation to the Speaker
 Positive Eye Contact
 Lack of Confidence, Dishonesty, Lying, etc.
 Facial Expression
 Be Aware.
 Head and Body Movements
 Nodding.
 Verbal Responses
 Paraphrasing, Clarifying, and Feedback