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Download Unit 4: Nonverbal Communication
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Similarities Both are symbolic Both are rule-guided Can be intentional or unintentional Are cultural-bound Differences NV communication is "more believable" Nonverbal can be multi-channeled Nonverbal is continuous Supplements or replaces verbal communication Regulates interaction Establishes relationship-level meanings (responsiveness, liking, power) Reflects & expresses cultural value Deception Eye Communication Functions ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Monitor Feedback Maintain Interest and Attention Regulate the Conversation Signal the Nature of the Relationship Compensate for Physical Distance Facial Commnication Management Techniques Intensifying Deintensifying Neutralizing Universal facial expressions Kinesics - body position & motion Emblems: Nonverbal movements that substitute for words and phrases. Illustrators: Nonverbal movements that accompany or reinforce verbal messages. Affect Displays: Nonverbal movements of the face and body used to show emotion. Regulators: Nonverbal movements that control the flow or pace of communication. Adaptors: Nonverbal movements that you might perform fully in private but only partially in public. Used to reduce tension or satisfy a need. Physical characteristics Clothing Artificats Paralanguage: not what you say but how you say it. Tone Rate Volume Pitch Vocalizations Spatial Messages Personal Space Space that surrounds a person in which they are made comfortable or uncomfortable. It is a personal bubble of space that moves with you. ◦ Distances Intimate distance: 0-18 inches Personal Distance: 18-48 inches Social Distance: 4-12 feet Public Distance: beyond 12 feet Territoriality ◦ our need to establish and maintain certain spaces as our own. (non-verbal indicators that signal ownership) ◦ In a dorm room- items on the common desk mark territory. Many meanings Touch more in intermediate stages than in initial or established relationships Facilitates self-disclosure Playfulness Power and Control Ritualistic (shake hands, etc.) Task-related ◦ interesting -- more touch, more tips Touch Avoidance Avoidance & Communication Apprehension Low self-disclosers tend to avoid touch Gender Issues With Touch Men avoid touching other men; Women are less likely to avoid same-sex touch Women have higher avoidance of opposite-sex touch. As we age we avoid opposite sex touch Women initiate opposite sex touch more often than men. Especially in married relationships. Opposite sex friends touch more than same-sex friends. Monochronic and Polychronic Monochronic ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Does one thing at a time. Time is very serious! Job tends to be more important than family even. Privacy is extremely important. Seldom borrows or lends Works independentl Polychronic ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Does several things at a time. Time is important but not sacred. Family and interpersonal relationships are more important than work. Actively involved with others. Cultures... Monochronic Polychronic ◦ United States, Germany, Scandinavia and Switzerland. ◦ Latin Americans, Mediterranean people, Arabians.
