Download Communication

Communication
The Communication
Process
Good communication skills are
among the most important
ingredients contributing to the
performance enhancement and
personal growth of sport and
exercise participants.
Purposes of Communication
Persuasion
Evaluation
Information
Motivation
Problem Solving
Types of Communication
Interpersonal communication (at least two
persons in a meaningful exchange)
Nonverbal communication
Intrapersonal communication (self-talk–
the communication we have with
ourselves)
The Communication
Process
Sending Messages Effectively
Nonverbal message characteristics
physical appearance
posture
body position
gestures
touching
facial expression
voice characteristics
Sending Messages Effectively
The importance of nonverbal
messages:
Nonverbal messages are harder to
hide and consciously control, so
they are more accurate indicators of
how a person feels.
Sending Messages Effectively
1. Be direct.
2. Own your message.
3. Be complete and specific.
4. Be clear and consistent.
5. State your needs and feelings clearly.
6. Separate fact from opinion.
Sending Messages Effectively
7. Focus on one thing at a time.
8. Deliver messages immediately.
9. Avoid hidden agendas.
10. Be supportive.
11. Be consistent with your nonverbal
messages.
12. Reinforce with repetition.
Sending Messages Effectively
13. Make messages appropriate to the
receiver’s frame of reference.
14. Look for feedback that your message
was accurately interpreted.
Receiving Messages Effectively
Active Listening
Asking questions
Paraphrasing
Attending to main and supporting ideas
Acknowledging and responding
Giving appropriate feedback
Paying attention to the speaker’s total
communication (verbal and nonverbal)
Receiving Messages Effectively
Keys to active listening:
Paraphrase what the speaker said.
Don’t mistake listening for
understanding.
Understanding = agreement?
Mentally prepare to listen.
Breakdowns in Communication
I KNOW YOU BELIEVE THAT YOU UNDERSTAND
WHAT YOU THINK I SAIDBUT I'M NOT SURE YOU REALIZE THAT WHAT YOU
HEARD IS NOT WHAT I MEANT.
 Sender Failures:
Poorly transmitted messages
ambiguous, inconsistent
 Receiver Failures:
Failure to listen carefully (misinterpretation)
The Sandwich Approach to Constructive
Criticism
A positive statement.
Future-oriented instruction.
A compliment.
Example of the Sandwich Approach
Positive statement:
“Sally, you are really working hard out there.”
Future-oriented statement:
“Next time try to slow down and not get ahead
of the music.”
Compliment:
“You’re getting there; keep up the good work!”
Confrontation
A face to face discussion among
people in conflict. While confrontation
is often seen as negative, when
properly used, it is a part of effective
communication.
DO’s and DON’T’s of Confronting
DO convey that you value your
relationship with the person
DO go slowly and think about what you
want to communicate.
DO try to understand the other person’s
position.
DO listen carefully to what the other
person is trying to communicate.