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Getting Your Message Across To Healthcare Specialists: Public Speaking Basics Ellen R. Cohn PhD University of Pittsburgh About the Author Ellen Cohn PhD is Director of Instructional Development at the University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, with a secondary appointment in the School of Pharmacy. She has taught introductory classes in public speaking for over a decade. [email protected] Purpose Most healthcare professionals will need to engage in some public speaking. This presentation presents basic concepts for the beginning speaker. Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind. Rudyard Kipling Basic Communication Axioms Communication is Dynamic Meaning is mutually constructed 90+% of Communication Is Non-verbal Communication is Irreversible We can’t take back communication We Cannot, Not Communicate Silence and inaction both communicate Communication Ain’t Perfect It is difficult to achieve total understanding We need to anticipate and correct errors Lack of Clarity= Miscommunication I really didn’t say everything I said. Yogi Berra Misperception= Miscommunication The major problem in communication is the illusion that it has occurred. Albert Einstein Misunderstanding= Miscommunication There is no worse lie than a truth misunderstood by those who hear. William James Why Messages Don’t “Get Through” Hearing does not equal listening There several different types of noise: Physical (e.g., listener has a migraine headache) Psychological (e.g., listener is preoccupied or upset) Environmental (e.g., loud music or talking) Semantic (e.g. an inflammatory word distracts the audience and reduces the speaker’s credibility) Message Penetration Varies The message is sensed (heard or seen) but not understood The message is misperceived The meaning is accurately perceived The message is remembered The message changes attitudes and behaviors (the goal!) I understand everything-except what you’re saying. Henny Youngman Good Listening Is Your Most Important Communication Skill Listen to “Your Gut” Do parts of your presentation make you uneasy? • This often signals an organizational problem Listen to your audience Especially to their non-verbal cues Listen to the emotional tone The reason why so few people are agreeable in conversation is that each is thinking more about what he intends to say than about what others are saying. La Rochefoucauld No man ever listened himself out of a job. Calvin Coolidge The Three Basics: Needs, Messages, Communication Understand Their needs Their expectations Send your audience clear messages Identify the desired outcomes of your talk Communicate directly “Connect” with your audience by your words and actions (e.g., eye contact, voice, posture, gestures) Superior Speakers Analyze the Audience Who will be in the audience? What Know? Believe? Do? How do I want the audience to: is the audience responding? How do I adapt? Visualize Your Audience Why will they be in attendance? What Do they have biases or misinformation? What do they think they need to know? What worries them? What do they already know? is the general mood? Friendly, hostile, neutral…. How will they feel about your subject matter? Interested, bored, nervous, confident… Many of the communication difficulties between persons are the by-product of communication barriers within the person. Abraham H. Maslow Audience Members Have Basic Human Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Physiologic Safety Love and Belongedness Esteem Self-actualization Basic Audience Need: Physiologic These include: Oxygen, Water, Food, Habitable Temperature, Sleep, Conditions and Behaviors Which Perpetuate the Species A hot, tired, or hungry audience may not fully absorb your presentation Consider how your messages will help the audience achieve their needs Basic Audience Need: Safety There are two types of safety: Physical Safety Psychological Safety • Will audience members feel humiliated? • Do they feel safe trusting your expertise? • The speaker should therefore aim to establish credibility and put the audience at ease The bottom line: How will your presentation impact upon their perceived safety? What Makes a Speaker Credible? Confidence, intellect, knowledge and experience Credible associations Use endorsements Cite credible sources Trustworthiness Disclose conflicts of interests Employ a balanced and fair approach to the topic High standards and intellectual honesty A credible speaker admits to not knowing Now when I bore people at a party they think it’s their fault. Henry Kissinger Employ Ethical Communication Provide So that… the listener can consider all options and make a fully informed decision Verify that the message is received Does the audience truly understand the content of your speech? Use complete information credible sources Provide truthful and accurate information If you always tell the truth you don’t have anything to remember. Dick Motta Coach, Chicago Bulls A speech is a solemn responsibility. The man who makes a bad 30-minute speech to 200 people wastes only a half-hour of his own time. But he wastes 100 hours of the audience’s time--more than four days-which should be a hanging offense. Jenkin Lloyd Jones