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Will you die, faint, shake, sweat,
look down, or feel your mouth go
dry?
Will you blush, flush, stammer
and trip over your tongue?
Will you forget what you were
saying?
Will you survive the course?
Alumni say courses in writing
and speaking are the most
valuable.
Employers say your ability to
express yourself is one of the
most important job skills.
Communication: A transaction
occurs in which speaker and
listener simultaneously sends,
receives and interprets
messages.
Speaking is different from
writing and other forms of
communication.
 Source: The person who originates the
message.
 Receiver: The listener or audience that
hears and listens to, the message sent by
the source.
 Verbal messages are the words chosen
for the speech.
 Nonverbal messages are movements,
gestures, facial expressions, and vocal
variations that can reinforce or
contradict words.
 Channel: The means of distributing your
words, whether by coaxial cable,
microwave, radio, video or air.
 Situation: The time, place and occasion in
which the message sending and
receiving occurs.
 Noise: The interference with, or obstacles
to, communication.
n Selecting a Topic and Purpose
n
Searching for a Topic
n
Individual brainstorming occurs when you write
down all the possible topics you can think of.
n
Categorical brainstorming begins with categories
that prompt you to think of topics.
Conduct a personal inventory of your
experiences, attitudes, values, beliefs, interests
and skills.
Consider current topics–items that you find in the
news, on the media, and on the minds of people
in your audience.
n
n
n
&
Access the World Wide Web through the Internet
use a subject-based search engine.
n Selecting a Topic
n
Speak about topics that:
n
Are familiar to you.
n
Interest you.
n
Are uniquely your own.
n
Your audience finds
interesting.
n
The audience embraces but
you do not.
n
Are important to your local
community.
n Evaluating Topics
Topic should be appropriate to you.
n
 You should be interested in the topic.
n
Topic should be appropriate to audience.
 It should be interesting and worthwhile to
the audience.
n
Topic should be appropriate to situation.
 The subject should be significant, timely, and
tailored.
n Guidelines for Topic
Appropriateness
1.
Do you have involvement with the topic?
2.
Do you have competence with the topic?
3.
4.
Will the topic hold interest for audience?
Is the topic worthwhile for audience?
n Guidelines for Topic
Appropriateness
5.
Is the topic significant?
6.
Is the topic appropriate for occasion?
7.
Have you appropriately narrowed and limited
the topic?
n What To Avoid In a
Presentation
n Exhausted topics unless you
have a
new approach.
n
n
n
Illegal subjects lest you end up
suspended or in jail.
Insulting your audience.
Getting your speech from the
Internet.
N
Plagiarism is punishable by
receiving zero points, a low grade,
suspension or dismissal from
college.
n Becoming an Effective
Speaker
n An audience decides in seconds what
they think of the presenter.
n Source credibility is the audience’s
perception of your effectiveness as a
speaker.
n How do you establish source
credibility?
n Find common ground.
 Point out features you share
with your audience.
n Establish trustworthiness.
 Does the audience perceive
you as honest and honorable?
More on credibility:
n
Display competence.

n
Be thoroughly familiar with your
topic.
Pay attention to dynamism.
 Audiences are attracted by
movement, gestures, facial
expression and voice variety.
n Tips For Gaining Respect
n
Talk about something important
n
n
n
n
Establish your qualifications
Translate ideas for understanding
Organize ideas for clarity
Have an enhanced conversation
Understanding Communication
Apprehension
n Communication Apprehension: An
individual’s fear or anxiety associated with
either real or anticipated communication.
n What is fear or anxiety?�
n What is real or anticipated
communication?�
n Ways to Reduce Anxiety
n
Act confidently
n
n
n
n
n
Know your subject
Care about your subject
See classmates as friends
See yourself as successful
Practice for confidence
n Summary
n
n
Public speaking is an important course.
The communication process includes 7
components: speaker, audience,
message, channel, feedback, situation,
& noise.
n
Public speaking is a unique form of
communication.
n
Topic choice involves much thought.
n
You need to establish source credibility
n
Communication apprehension is a natural
part of public speaking