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PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Looking Out, Looking In, Tenth Edition Chapter 6: Nonverbal Communication: Messages Without Words Presentation prepared by Dr. Michael Pearson, Gretchen Gill, and Tim Scanlon of West Chester University Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. For permission to use material from this text, contact us by: Phone: 1-800-730-2214 Fax: 1-800-730-2215 Web: www.thomsonrights.com Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. CHAPTER 6 Nonverbal Communication: Messages Without Words Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Nonverbal Communication: Messages Without Words • Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication • Differences Between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication • Types of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication • • • • Nonverbal communication exists All nonverbal behavior has communicative value Much nonverbal communication is culture-bound Male and female nonverbal communications differ in some ways • Nonverbal communication is primarily relational • Nonverbal communication serves many functions • Nonverbal communication is ambiguous Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication serves many functions • • • • • • • Repeating Substituting Complementing Accenting Regulating Contradicting Deceiving Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Differences Between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication • Single vs. Multiple Channels • Intermittent vs. Continuous • Clear vs. Ambiguous • Verbal vs. Nonverbal Impact • Deliberate vs. Unconscious Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Types of Nonverbal Communication Kinesics • A area of nonverbal communication that involves body position and motion. Body Orientation • Type of nonverbal communication characterized by the degree to which we face toward or away from someone Posture • The way in which individuals carry themselves (e.g. erect, slumping, and so on) Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Types of Nonverbal Communication Gestures • Motions of the body, usually hands or arms, that have communicative value • Illustrators – movements that accompany speech and that can’t stand alone • Emblems – deliberate nonverbal behaviors that stand alone and have a very precise meaning • Adaptors - movements in which one part of the body grooms, massages, rubs, holds, or otherwise manipulates the body Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Types of Nonverbal Communication Face and Eyes • Ekman & Friesen identify six basic emotions of facial expression: surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sadness and happiness • Microexpression- brief facial expressions Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Types of Nonverbal Communication Voice • Paralanguage – nonverbal vocal messages that have communicative value: emphasis, rate, pitch, volume tone, disfluencies Touch • Touch can communicate many messages and signal a variety of relationships Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Types of Nonverbal Communication Physical Attractiveness • Perceived physical attractiveness affects interaction between people Clothing • Clothing conveys 10 types of messages to others Economic level Economic background Educational level Social background Trustworthiness Educational background Social position Level of success Level of sophistication Moral character Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Types of Nonverbal Communication Proxemics - the way people and animals use space • • • • Intimate Distance - ranging from skin contact to 18 in. Personal Distance - ranges from 18 in. to 4 ft. Social Distance - ranges from 4 to 12 ft. Public Distance - running outward from 12 ft. Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Types of Nonverbal Communication Territoriality Territory - a stationary area claimed by an individual (e.g. your room, desk, or work area) Physical Environment • Home designs and interiors can communicate impressions • Environments can shape the interaction that takes place in them Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Types of Nonverbal Communication Time Chronemics - the study of how humans use and structure time Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.
