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Download 5 Lecture HIST 101 Ancient China_1 - Learning
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Lecture 5 September 16, 2009 Ancient China HIST 101 History of World Civilization I University of Montevallo, Fall 2009 Adjunct Instructor Jill Cooley Lecture 5: Outline • Neolithic China – Agricultural areas – Development of villages • Shang Dynasty – Chinese writing – Cities – Society – Spirituality • Zhou Dynasty – Early Zhou period – Warring States period • The Iron Age Lecture 5: Key Terms • • • • • • • • • • Yellow River Yangzi River Shang dynasty Chinese writing Anyang Bronze working Serfs Feudal society Ancestor worship Divination • • • • • • Human sacrifice Zhou dynasty Mandate of Heaven Warring States Period Infantry and cavalry units Iron Age Neolithic China • 4000 BC settled around the Yellow River thus forming agricultural villages yielding grain cultivation • Yangtze River along southern border yielded rice production • Lush (sandy yellow soil) blown by winds thus the name of the Yellow River • Domesticated pigs, chickens, cattle, and sheep • Villages however moved around once the soil was depleted on nutrients Ancient China Dynasties: •Shang •Zhou Geographical Features: •Yellow River •Yangtze River Shang Dynasty 1776 BC • Developed system of writing, very complex, each word represented by a symbol; very much today’s Chinese writing • Shang dynasty continued to move around in search of better soil • City: Anyang • Use of bronze, but was in limited supply • Used stone tools in farming, mostly farmers (serfs) in this society • Feudal society • Vassals owned land in return gave loyalty to the king • Warfare predominant • Made human sacrifices to the gods to win favor, polytheistic however elevated one god more so than the others • Divination practiced, used oracle bones to tell future • Human sacrifices usually done for the death and burial of kings Zhou Dynasty • Continued and adopted many of the Shang Dynasty concepts • Vassal State • Created “Mandate of Heaven” and idea continues on after the dynasty falls • Even more so a feudal system • Expanded territory but became more decentralized • Land ownership depended on kinship ties greatly • Royal women had power behind the scenes, however average women had very little power • Vassals became more powerful and independent thus leading to the fall of this dynasty representing decreasing power and authority of the king • Oracle bone Chinese writing Lecture 5: Timeline Time Period Political Development Important Points ca. 4000 BC Neolithic China Agricultural villages ca. 1766-1050 BC Shang Dynasty Earliest historical dynasty, ancestor worship, divination ca. 1050-481 BC Early Zhou Dynasty Mandate of Heaven; feudal society ca. 481-221 BC Warring States Period Warfare among several independent Chinese states ca. 600 BC Chinese Iron Age Iron Age began in Asia Minor in 1200 BC Iron Age • Began in Asia Minor by society called the “Hittites” • 1200 BC begin smelting Iron • 1600 BC spreads throughout most of China • Used in weapons and farming
