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DO NOW


EXPLAIN THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF LEGALISM. EXPLAIN
THE PHILOSOPHY KNOWN AS DAOISM.
WHAT TYPE OF IMPACT DO YOU BELIEVE A
DAOIST PHILOSOPHY WOULD HAVE ON A
SOCIETY?
LOOK IN YOUR NOTES OR READ YOUR
TEXTBOOKS ON PAGES 75-77 UNDER THE
SECTION TITLED “LEGALISM”
Chapter 10: The Asian
World
DO NOW

WHAT IS GOING ON IN OUR ECONOMY
TODAY? HOW IS IT EFFECTING YOU
AND YOUR FAMILY? WHAT IS A
RECESSION?
DO NOW

STUDY FOR CHAPTERS 3 & 4 THAT YOU
ARE BEING TESTED OVER TODAY.

ONCE YOU ARE FINISHED WITH THE
TEST QUIETLY READ PAGE 138-144 AND
COMPLETE QUESTIONS 2, 3, 4, AND 5 ON
PAGE 144.
DO NOW


HOW DO THE ANCIENT CHINESE VIEW
THEIR LEADER? WHAT DOES THAT
RULER HAVE THAT ALLOWS HIM TO
RULE? WHAT HAPPENS IF A NATURAL
DISASTER OCCURS IN THE DYNASTY?
WHAT CAN THE PEOPLE DO TO THEIR
LEADER?
LOOK IN YOUR TEXTBOOK ON PAGES
91-92 IN THE SECTION TITLED ZHOU
DYNASTY
DO NOW


HOW DO THE ANCIENT CHINESE VIEW
THEIR LEADER? WHAT DOES THAT
RULER HAVE THAT ALLOWS HIM TO
RULE? WHAT HAPPENS IF A NATURAL
DISASTER OCCURS IN THE DYNASTY?
WHAT CAN THE PEOPLE DO TO THEIR
LEADER?
LOOK IN YOUR TEXTBOOK ON PAGES
70-72 IN THE SECTION TITLED ZHOU
DYNASTY
Section 1: China Reunified

The Han dynasty came to an end in 220, and
China fell into chaos. For the next 300 yrs, the
Chinese suffered through disorder and civil
war. Then in 581, a new Chinese empire was
set up under a dynasty known as the Sui. The
Sui dynasty (581-618) did not last long, but it
managed to unify China once again under the
emperor’s authority.
Section 1: China Reunified:
The Grand Canal built to link these two major rivers linked
north and south, making it easier to ship rice from south to
north.


1. Sui Dynasty (581-618
C.E.)
2. Sui Yangdi

1. dynasty that rose after the
fall of the Han Dynasty; unified
China again

2. emperor who completed the
Grand Canal built to link the
two great rivers of China
(Huang He and the Chang Jiang
rivers) from north to south
Sui Yangdi was a cruel ruler and used force labor to build the Grand Canal. This
practice together with high taxes, his extravagant and luxurious lifestyle, and
military failures, caused a rebellion. The emperor was murdered, and his dynasty
came to an end. A new dynasty the Tang Dynasty soon emerged. It would last for
almost three hundred years, from 618-907. The early Tang rulers began their
reigns by instituting reforms, as rulers often did in the early days of new dynasties.
They restored civil service examination from earlier times to serve as the chief
methods of recruiting officials. Tang rulers worked hard to create a more stable
economy by giving land to the peasants and breaking up the power of the
aristocrats.

3. Tang Dynasty
(618-907C.E.)


3. Restored civil service
examination to serve as the
method of recruiting officials
for the bureaucracy.
The Tang Dynasty gave land
back to the peasants breaking
up the power of the aristocrats
Like the Han, however, the Tang sowed the seeds of their own destruction. Tang
rulers were unable to prevent plotting and government corruption. One emperor
was especially unfortunate. Emperor Tang Xuanzang is remembered for his
devotion to a commoner’s daughter. To entertain her, he kept hundreds of
dancers and musicians at court. He also ordered riders to travel thousands of
miles to bring her fresh fruit. Finally, the emperor’s favorite general led a bloody
revolt. The army demanded that someone be held accountable for the war and
strife in the country. For this reason the emperor invited his true love to hang
herself from a nearby tree.

4. Tang Xuanzang

4. One of the rulers who
was unable to prevent
plotting and government
corruption within the
Tang Dynasty
During the eighth century, the Tang Dynasty weakened
and became prey to rebellions. Tang rulers hired a
group of people called Uighurs to protect the dynasty.
Continued unrest, however, led to the collapse of Tang
rule in 907.

5. Uighurs

5. a northern tribal group of
Turkic-speaking people, hired to
fight for the Tang dynasty
In 960, a new dynasty known as the Song rose to power. The Song ruled during
a period of economic prosperity and cultural achievement, from 960 to 1279.
From the start, however, the Song also experienced problems, especially from
northern neighbors. These groups crossed into northern China and occupied
large parts of Chinese territory. Because of this threat, Song rulers were forced
to move the imperial court father south.

6. Song Dynasty (9601279 C.E.)

6. dynasty which arises after the
fall of the Tang dynasty

7. Hangzhou

7. Capital of Song dynasty, one of
the largest and richest cities of the
Song empire
8. Song’s government

8. monarchy w/ a bureaucracy;
government also weakened the
aristocrats, giving land back to
peasants

The Song Dynasty and the
Mongols

The Song dynasty could never overcome the
challenge from the north. During the 1200s, the
Mongols—a nomadic people from the Gobi—carried
out wars of conquest and built a vast empire. Within
70 years, they controlled all of China. A we shall see,
the Mongols overthrew the Song and created a new
Mongol dynasty in China.
The Song government worked to weaken the power of the large landholders and
help poor peasants obtain their own land. These reform efforts and improved
farming techniques led to an abundance of food. In Chinese cities, technological
developments added new products and stimulated trade. During the Tang
dynasty, for example, the Chinese began to mix steel by mixing cast iron and
wrought iron in a blast furnace heated by the burning of coal. The steel was then
used to make swords and sickles. The introduction of cotton made it possible to
make new kinds of clothes.

9. Song’s Economy

9. farming; trading (tea, silk and
porcelain

10. Tang technology

10. cast iron (which made
swords); introduction of cotton,
gun powder (which was used to
make explosives, and a primitive
flamethrower)
Chinese Society: Most significant about Chinese society
was the rise of landed gentry. This group controlled much of the land and at
the same time produced most of the candidates for the civil service. The
scholar-gentry, as this class was known, replaced the old landed aristocracy as
the political and economic elite of Chinese society.

11. Marco Polo

12. scholar-gentry

11. Italian merchant who
traveled to the Song capital
Hangzhou

12. replaced the old landed
aristocracy and became the
political and economic elite
of Chinese society
As in other parts of the world, female children were considered less desirable
than male children. In times of famine, female infants might be killed if there
was not enough food to feed the whole family. When married, she became a part
of her husband’s family. In addition, a girl’s parents were expected to provide a
dowry to her husband when married. Poor families often sold their daughters to
wealthy merchants.

Few Chinese women had
any power, an exception
was Wu Zhao.

13. Empress Wu (625-705)


14. dowry

13. one of the only
female Chinese
emperors
14. Money, goods, or
property a girls parent
paid to her future
husband
DO NOW




WHAT IS THE CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION?
WHAT CLASS SYSTEM ARISES AND REPLACES THE
ARISTOCRATS IN THE UPPERCLASS AFTER THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CIVIL SERVICE
EXAMINATION?
HOW WAS THE USE OF THE CIVIL SERVICE
EXAMINATION A DEPARTURE FROM THE
TRADITIONAL WAY OF PLACING YOUNG MEN IN
GOVERNMENT SERVICE?
LOOK IN YOUR NOTES OR YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 250-251 UNDER THE SECTION TITLED “THE
WAY IT WAS”
DO NOW




WHAT IS THE CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION?
WHAT CLASS SYSTEM ARISES AND REPLACES THE
ARISTOCRATS IN THE UPPERCLASS AFTER THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CIVIL SERVICE
EXAMINATION?
HOW WAS THE USE OF THE CIVIL SERVICE
EXAMINATION A DEPARTURE FROM THE
TRADITIONAL WAY OF PLACING YOUNG MEN IN
GOVERNMENT SERVICE?
LOOK IN YOUR NOTES OR YOUR TEXTBOOKS
ON PAGES 274-276 UNDER THE SECTION TITLED
“EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN CHINA: THE CIVIL
SERVICE EXAMINATION”
Section 2: The Mongols and China

The Mongols were a pastoral people from the region of modern-day
Mongolia who were organized loosely into clans. Temunjin, born
during the 1160s, gradually unified the Mongols. In 1206, he was
elected Genghis Khan “strong ruler” at a massive meeting somewhere
in the Gobi. From that time on, he devoted himself to conquest.

The Mongols brought much of the Eurasian landmass under a single
rule, creating the largest land empire in history. To rule the new
Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan set up a capital city at Karakorum.
Mongol armies traveled to both the west and to the east. Some went
as far as central Europe.
Section 2: The Mongols and China: The
Mongols brought much of the Eurasian landmass under a single rule, creating
the largest land empire in history. Mongol armies traveled both to the west and
to the east. Some went as far as central Europe.

1. Mongols

1. were pastoral people who were
organized loosely into clans

2. Genghis Khan

2. means strong ruler

3. Temujin

3. unified the Mongols creating the
largest land empire in history
After the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, the empire began to change. Following
Mongol custom, upon the death of the ruling khan, his heirs divided the territory.
The once-united empire of Genghis Khan was thus split into several separate
territories called khanates, each under the rule of one of his sons. It may be that
only the death of Genghis Khan kept the Mongols from attacking western
Europe. In 1231, the Mongols attacked Persia and then defeated the Abbasids at
Baghdad in 1258. Mongol forces attacked the Song dynasty in China in 1260s.
•
4. khanates

4. several separate territories divided and
placed each under the rule of the Genghis
Khan’s son
•
5. Kublai Khan

5. grandson of Genghis Khan conquered
the Song (1260 C.E.) and established a new
Chinese dynasty called Yuan dynasty
Exchange of technology b/t China
and the Mongols

In their attack on the Chinese, the Mongols
encountered the use of gunpowder and the firelance.
By the end of the thirteenth century, the firelance had
evolved into the much more effective gun and
cannon. By the early fourteenth century, foreigners
employed by Mongol rulers of China had introduced
the use of gunpowder and firearms into Europe.
The Mongol dynasty eventually fell victim to the same
problems that had plagued other dynasties: too much
spending on foreign conquests, corruption at court, and
growing internal instability. In 1368 Zhu Yuanzahng
put together an army and began a new dynasty known
as the Ming dynasty.

6. decentralization
within Mongol
dynasty

7. Zhu Yuanzhang
(1368 C.E.)

6. fell victim to corruption: too much
spending on foreign conquests,
corruption at court & growing
internal stability

7. the son of a peasant, who put
together an army, ended the Mongol
dynasty, and set up a new dynasty,
the Ming dynasty
By the time the Mongols established their dynasty in China, religious preferences
in the Chinese court had undergone a number of changes. Confucian principles
became the basis for Chinese government during the Han dynasty (202 B.C.E.-220
C.E.). By the time of the Sui and Tang dynasties, Buddhism and Daoism rivaled
the influence of Confucianism. During the Song dynasty, however, Confucian
ideas reemerged in a new form. Once again, Confucianism became dominant at
court, a position that retained until the early 20th century. Buddhism was brought
to China in the 1st century A.D. by merchants and missionaries from India.

8. Buddhism (1-100
C.E.) 1st century

8. a philosophy which was
introduced to China by merchants
and missionaries from India
At first, only merchants and intellectuals were intrigued by the new
ideas. However, as a result of the insecurity that prevailed after the
collapse of the Han dynasty, both Buddhism and Daoism became
more attractive to many people. Both philosophies gained support
among the ruling classes.
Decline of Buddhism in China


The growing popularity of Buddhism continued into the early years
of the Tang dynasty. Early Tang rulers lend their support to Buddhist
monasteries that were set up throughout the country. Buddhists
became advisers at the imperial court. Ultimately, though, Buddhism
lost favor at court and was increasingly subject to attack.
Buddhism was criticized for being a foreign religion. Like Christian
monasteries in Europe during the Middle Ages, Buddhist monasteries
had acquired thousands of acres of land and serfs. With land came
corruption. The government reacted strongly. During the later Tang
period, it destroyed countless Buddhist temples and monasteries and
forced more than 260,000 monks and nuns to leave the monasteries
and return to secular life. Buddhism no longer received support from
the state.
Official support went instead to a revived Confucianism. From the Song dynasty
to the end of the dynastic system in the 20th century, Confucianism was at the
heart of the state government. However, it was different from the Confucianism
established during the Han dynasty. Neo-confucianism, as the new doctrine was
called, served as a Confucian response to Buddhism and Daoism. NeoConfucianists divide the world into a material world and a spiritual world.
Humans form the link between the two worlds. Although humans live in the
material world, each individual is also linked with the Supreme Ultimate. The
goal of individuals is to move beyond the material world to reach union with the
Supreme Ultimate. Humans do this through a careful examination of the moral
principles that rule the universe.


9. neoconfucianism
10. goal of neoconfucianism


9. philosophy which teaches that the
world is real, not an illusion, and that
fulfillment comes not from withdrawal
but from participation in the world;
10. goal is to reach union w/Supreme
Ultimate (God) by following moral
principles that rule the universe
A Golden Age in Literature and
Art


The period between the Tang and Ming dynasties was
in many ways the great age of Chinese literature. The
invention of printing during the Tang dynasty helped
to make literature more readily available and more
popular. Art, too, flourished during this period.
It was in poetry, above all that the Chinese of this
time best expressed their literary talents. The Tang
dynasty is viewed as the great age of poetry in China.
At least 48,000 poems were written by 2,200 authors.
The invention of the printing during the Tang dynasty helped to make literature
more readily available and more popular. Art, too, flourished during this period.
It was in poetry, above all, that the Chinese of this time best expressed their
literary talents. The Tang dynasty is viewed as the great age of poetry in China.
Chinese poems celebrated the beauty of nature, the changes of the seasons, and the
joys of friendships. They expressed sadness at the shortness of life and the
necessity of parting. Chinese artists tried to reveal the hidden forms of the
landscape. Rather than depicting the realistic shape or a specific mountain, for
example, they tried to portray the idea of “mountain. Empty spaces were left in
the paintings because in the Daoist vision, one cannot know the whole truth.

11. Li Bo (Daoist)
and Duo Fu
(Confucist)

12. painting


11. were two of the most popular
poets during the Tang dynasty; Li Bo
wrote on Daoist ideals; Duo Fu wrote
on social injustice and the plight of
the poor
12. During the Song and Mongol
dynasties landscape painting reached
its high point (was influenced by
Daoism); portrayal of humans as
The following is probably the best known poem in
China and has been memorized by school children for
centuries. It is entitled “Quiet Night Thoughts”
“Beside my bed the bright moonbeams bound
Almost as if there were frost on the ground.
Raising up, I gaze at the Mountain moon;
Lying back, I think of my old home town.”

Where Li Bo was carefree, Duo fu was a serious Confucian. Many
of his works reflect a concern with social injustice and the plight of
the poor. In his poem entitled “Spring Prospect,” the poet has
returned to his home in the capital after a rebellion against the
dynasty has left the city in ruins.
“The capital is taken. The hills and streams are left,
And with srping in the city the grass and trees grown dense.
Mourning the times, the flowers trickle their tears;
Saddened with parting, the birds make my heart flutter.
The army beacons have flamed for three months;
A letter from home would be worth ten thousand in gold.
My white hairs have I anxiously scratched ever shorter;
But such disarray! Even hairpins will do no good.”

Chinese artists tried to reveal the hidden forms of the landscape. Rather than
depicting the realistic shape or a specific mountain, for example, they tried to
portray the idea of “mountain. Empty spaces were left in the paintings because in
the Daoist vision, one cannot know the whole truth.
Next to painting in creative accomplishment was the field of ceramics. In
particular, Tang artisans perfected the making of porcelain—a ceramic made of
fine baked clay at very high temperatures. The technique for making porcelain
did not reach Europe until the 18th century.

13. porcelain

13. Tang artisans
perfected the making of
porcelain, a ceramic
made of fine clay baked
at very high
temperatures
Art and Research Activity

You are a believer in the philosophy Daoism
during ancient China. Create a drawing or a
poem reflecting the beliefs of Daoism. You
may do some research on the internet to find
more information on Daoism. Look on pages
256-257 and read the section Poetry and
Painting and Ceramics to get some ideas on the
Daoist influence.
DO NOW

Read the section “The Way It Was on
page 250-251. What was the civil
service examination and why was it
so important? Which group of
people was it important to? (3-4
minutes)
DO NOW


EXPLAIN THE WAYS IN WHICH DAOISM
IS REPRESENTED IN CHINESE ART OF
THE SONG AND MONGOL DYNASTIES.
LOOK IN YOUR BOOK AND READ
PAGE 257 IN THE SECTION TITLED
“PAINTING AND CERAMICS”
DO NOW


EXPLAIN THE WAYS IN WHICH DAOISM
IS REPRESENTED IN CHINESE ART OF
THE SONG AND MONGOL DYNASTIES.
LOOK IN YOUR BOOK AND READ
PAGES 293-295 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “ART”
DO NOW


EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCES WHEN
DISCUSSING THE CONCEPTS OF NEOCONFUCIANISM AND BUDDHISM
LOOK IN YOUR NOTES OR READ YOUR
TEXTBOOKS ON PAGES 289-290 UNDER
THE SECTION TITLED “NEOCONFUCIANISM: THE INVESTIGATION OF
THINGS”
CHAPTER 11: The East
Asian Rimlands: Early
Japan, Korea, and
Vietnam
Section 1: Early Japan and Korea: Chinese
and Japanese societies have historically been very different. One of the reasons
for these differences is geography. Because of their geographical isolation, the
Japanese developed a number of unique qualities. These qualities contributed to
the Japanese belief that they had a destiny separate from that of other peoples on
the continent of Asia.


1. Japan

Japan’s total land area is approximately 146,000
square miles about the size of the state of Montana.

1. is concentrated on four
main islands: Hokkaido,
the main island of Honshu,
and the two smaller islands
of Kyushu and Shikoku
Japan is very mountainous;
mountains are volcanic;
only 11 percent of total
land area can be farmed
Map of Japan
Social Structure

The ancestors of present-day Japanese settled
in Yamato Plain near modern cities of Osaka
and Kyoto in the first centuries C.E. (1-200
C.E.). Japanese society was made up of clans.
The people were divided between a small
aristocratic class (the rulers) and a large
population of rice farmers, artisans, and
household servants. The local ruler of each
clan protected the population in return for a
share of the annual harvest.
Eventually, one ruler of the Yamato clan achieved supremacy over the others and
became, in effect, ruler of Japan. Other powerful families would, however,
continue to compete for power. Prince Shotoku sent representatives to the Tang
capital of China to learn more about how the Chinese organized their government.
He then began to create a new centralized system of government in Japan, based
roughly on the Chinese model.

2. Shotoku Taishi (600
C.E.)



3. Shotoku’s goal

2. a Yamato prince, who tried
to unify various clans so that
the Japanese could resist an
invasion by the Chinese
2. copied the Chinese central
form of government
3. limit power of aristocrats;
enhance ruler’s authority (seen
as divine)
Nara and Heian Period

After Shotoku Taishi’s death in 622 C.E., political
power fell into the hands of other powerful clans.
During the Nara (622 C.E.) and Heian (794 C.E.)
period there is a constant battle for power between
the centralized government and the aristocrats.
Eventually the government of Japan becomes more
and more de-centralized that existed before the time
of Shotoku Taishi. The aristocrats turned to military
force as a means of protecting their interest.
Military Protection (Samurai): With the
decline of central power, local aristocrats tended to take justice into their own
hands. They turned increasingly to military force as a means of protecting their
interests. A new class of military servants emerged whose purpose was to
protect the security and property of their employers. Called the Samurai, these
warriors resembled the knights of medieval Europe. Like the knights, the
samurai fought on horseback, clad in helmet and armor although a samurai
carried a sword and a bow and arrow rather than a lance and shield.


4. samurai
5. Bushido

4. means “those who serve” were
warriors hired by the aristocrats
to protect their land
5. A strict warrior code known as
(“the way of the warrior”) based
on loyalty to his lord
By the end of the 12th century, rivalries among Japanese aristocratic families had
led to almost constant civil war. Finally, a powerful noble named Minamoto
Yoritomo defeated several rivals and set up his power near the modern city of
Tokyo. To strengthen the state, he created a more centralized government under a
powerful military leader known as the shogun. The Kamkura shogunate, founded
by Yoritomo, lasted from 1192 to 1333.

6. Minamoto Yoritomo
(1192-1333)

7. shogun
8. shogunate




6. a powerful noble who created
a more centralized government
under a powerful military leader
known as the shogun
7. is a general (military leader)
8. a form of government in which
the emperor remained ruler in
name only, and the shogun
exercised the actual power
Mongols try to invade Japan under
Kublai Khan

At first the Shogunate system worked well. The Japanese
were fortunate that it did, because the government soon
faced its most serious challenge yet from the Mongols. In
1281 C.E. Kublai Khan invaded Japan with an army nearly
150,000 strong. Fortunately, for the Japanese, almost the
entire fleet was destroyed by a massive typhoon (violent
storm). Japan would not again face a foreign invader until
American forces landed in Japan in 1945. However,
fighting the Mongols put a heavy strain on the political
system. In 1333, the Kamakura shogunate was overthrown
by a group of noble families led by the Ashikaga family.
DO NOW


HOW HAS JAPAN’S GEOGRAPHY
AFFECTED ITS HISTORY?
READ IN YOUR BOOKS ON PAGES 263264 IN THE SECTION TITLED “THE
GEOGRAPHY OF JAPAN”
DO NOW


HOW HAS JAPAN’S GEOGRAPHY
AFFECTED ITS HISTORY?
READ IN YOUR BOOKS ON PAGES 299300 IN THE SECTION TITLED “JAPAN:
LAND OF THE RISING SUN”
The Collapse of Central Rule

Fighting the Mongols put a heavy strain on the
political system. In 1333, the Kamakura
shogunate was overthrown by a group of noble
families led by the Ashikaga family. The
power of the local aristocrats grew during the
14th and 15th centuries. Heads of noble
families, now called daimyo controlled vast
landed estates that owed no taxes to the
government.
The power of the local aristocrats grew during the 14th and 15th centuries.
Heads of noble families, now called daimyo controlled vast landed estates that
owed no taxes to the government. As family rivalries continued, the daimyo
relied on the samurai for protection, and political power came into the hands of
a loose coalition of noble families. Central authority disappeared. Powerful
aristocrats in rural areas seized control over large territories, which they ruled
as independent lords. Their rivalries caused almost constant warfare.

9. daimyo
(14th & 15th
centuries)

10 central
authority
11. Onin War
(1467-1477)




9. “great names” heads of noble families
who controlled vast landed estates that
owed no taxes to the government; began
taking control of land & political power;
relied on samurai for protection
10. disappears as powerful aristocrats
seize control over land
11. a civil war which consisted of
aristocratic families fighting for power
Early Japanese people worshiped spirits, called kami, whom they believed
resided in trees, rivers, streams, and mountains. The Japanese also believed that
the spirits of their ancestors were present in the air around them. In Japan,
these beliefs evolved into a kind of state religion called Shinto (“the Sacred
Way” or “the Way of the Gods”), which is still practiced today. In time, Shinto
evolved into a state doctrine linked to a belief in the divinity of the emperor and
the sacredness of the Japanese nation. A national shrine was established at Ise.
There, the emperor paid tribute to the sun goddess, Amaterasu, every year.
According to legend, the first emperor was descended from the sun goddess.


12. kami
13. Shinto


12. worshiped spirits whom the
Japanese believed resided in the trees,
rivers, streams, and mountains
13. meaning (“the Sacred Way” or “the
Way of the Gods”) was the state
religion of ancient Japan
Shinto, however, did not satisfy the spiritual needs of all the Japanese people.
Some turned to Buddhism, which Buddhist monks from China brought to Japan
during the 6th century C.E. Among the aristocrats in Japan, one sect, known as
Zen, became the most popular. Zen beliefs became part of the samurai warrior’s
code of behavior. In Zen Buddhism, there are different ways to achieve
enlightenment (a state of pure being). Some believe that enlightenment can be
achieved suddenly. Others claimed that it can only be achieved through strong
self-discipline, especially a long process of meditation that clears the mind of all
thoughts.


14. Zen Buddhism
15. Chinese Buddhist
monks

14. religion that began to replace
the religion Shinto; achieving
enlightenment (a state of pure
being) through meditation

15. brought religion/philosophy to
Japan
Early Japan was mostly a farming society. Its people took advantage of the
limited amount of farmland and abundant rainfall to grow wet rice (rice grown in
flooded fields). As we have seen, noble families were able to maintain control over
most of the land. Trade between regions also grew. Foreign trade, mainly with
Korea and China, began during the 11th century. Japan shipped raw materials,
paintings, swords, and other manufactured items in return for silk, porcelain,
books and copper coins.

16. economy

17. trade

16. mostly farming (wet rice);
traded paper, iron casting,
paintings, swords; in return for silk
porcelain; books and copper coins

17. during the 11th century
occurred mainly between Korea
and China
In early Japan, women may have had a certain level of equality with men. An
eighth-century law code, for example, guaranteed the inheritance rights of
women. Wives who were abandoned could divorce and remarry. However,
later practices make it clear that women were considered subordinate to men. A
husband could divorce his wife if she did not produce a male child or if she did
not produce a male child or if she committed adultery, talked too much, was
jealous, or had a serious illness. Although women did not possess full legal and
social rights of men, they played an active role at various levels of society.
Aristocratic women were prominent at court. Some became know for their
artistic or literary talents.

18. early Japanese
society

18. women had a certain level of
equality to men

19. later Japanese
society

19. patriarchal; women became
inferior to men

20. aristocratic women

20. were prominent at court;
known for their literary talent
During much of the early history of early Japan, aristocratic men believed
that prose fiction was merely “vulgar gossip” and was thus beneath them.
Consequently, from the 9th to the 12th centuries, women were the most
productive writers of prose fiction in Japanese. Females learned to read
and write at home, and they wrote diaries, stories, and novels to pass the
time. From this tradition appeared one of the world’s great novels The
Tale of Genji. Her novel traces the life of the noble Genji as he tries to
remain in favor with those in power. Various aspects of Genji’s
personality are explored as he moves from youthful adventures to a life of
sadness and compassion in his later years

21. aristocratic men

21. believed prose fiction was
vulgar gossip and beneath them

22. Murasaki Shikibu
(1000 C.E.)

22. female court author of The
Tale of Genji one of the
world’s greatest novels
DO NOW


Descriptive Writing: Imagine you are a
samurai living in Japan during the 14th
Century. Explain why you became a
samurai and describe your duties.
3-7 sentences
Chinese and Japanese Foot binding

The foot binding process begins with a young girl
(4-7 years old) soaking her feet in warm water or
animal blood with herbs. After soaking the feet,
her toe nails were to be clipped short and given a
foot massage. Next, every toe would be broken
except for the big toe. Then the foot was wrapped
with binding cloth. Every day, or every couple of
days, the foot would be unwrapped and wrapped
again. The girls were put into smaller shoes until
their foot was about 4 inches long.


Foot binding (also known as "Lotus feet") is
the custom of applying painfully tight binding
to the feet of young girls to prevent further
growth
A shoe for bound feet. The ideal length for a
bound foot was three inches.
QUIZ ESSAY #1
1. What was the civil service examination and
why was it so important? Which group of
people was it important to?
DO NOW

Create a cluster diagram like the one on the white board to
the right that clarifies the role of women in early Japan.
READ IN YOUR BOOKS ON PAGE 266 IN THE
SECTION TITLED “THE ROLE OF WOMEN”
ROLE OF
WOMEN
DO NOW

Create a cluster diagram like the one on the white board to
the right that clarifies the role of women in early Japan.
READ IN YOUR BOOKS ON PAGE 308 IN THE
SECTION TITLED “ROLE OF WOMEN”
ROLE OF
WOMEN
CHAPTER 9: THE EXPANSION
OF CIVILIZATION IN
SOUTHERN ASIA
Section 1: Golden Region Civilization in
Southeast Asia: Between China and India lies the region that is
today called Southeast Asia. It has two major parts. Mountain ranges and river
valleys and malaria-bearing mosquitoes may help explain why Southeast Asia
was never unified under a single government

1. Southeast Asia

2. mainland region

3. archipelago

1. lies b/t China and India;
has two major parts:
mainland region and
archipelago

2. extending southward
from the Chinese border
down to tip of Malay
Peninsula

3. chain of islands
MAP OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
Southeast Asia is a melting pot of peoples. It contains a vast mixture of races,
cultures and regions. Mainland Southeast Asia consists of several north-south
mountain ranges. The mountains are densely forested and often infested with
malaria-bearing mosquitoes. Thus, the people living in the river valleys were often
cut off from one another and had only limited contacts with the people living in the
mountains. The geographical barriers encourage the development of separate,
distinctive cultures with diverse cultural practices, such as different religions and
languages.

4. geographical barriers  4. mountains densely
forested/infested with malaria
bearing mosquitoes



5. Southeast Asia was never
unified under one form of gov.

6. A number of organized states
developed in Southeast Asia:
Vietnam, Angkor, Thailand,
Burma, Malay World
5. consequences
6. Formation of States
The Vietnamese were one of the first peoples in Southeast Asia to develop
their own state and their own culture. After the Chinese conquered
Vietnam in 111 B.C., t hey tried for centuries to make Vietnam a part of
China. However, the Vietnamese clung to their own identity. In the 10th
century, they finally overthrew Chinese rule.

7. Vietnam

8. Thailand

7. one of first people to
develop a state in
southeast Asia; adopted
Chinese model of gov.

8. Thai conquered the
Angkor civilization;
adopted Indian political
practices
The states of Southeast Asia can be divided into two subgroups: agricultural
societies and trading societies. Of course, the agricultural states had some
farming. Nevertheless, some states, such as Vietnam, Angkor, Pagan and
Sailendra, drew most of their wealth from the land. Others, such as the Sulnate
of Melaka, supported themselves strictly through trade. Trade through
Southeast Asia expanded after the emergence of states in the area and reached
even greater heights after the Muslim conquest of Northern India. The rise in
demand for spices also added to the growing volume of trade. As the wealth of
Europe and Southeast Asia increased, demand grew for the products of East
Asia.

9. agricultural societies

10. trading societies

9. economy largely
based on farming

10. depended primarily
on trade for income
Social Structures
At the top of the social ladder in most Southeast Asian societies were the hereditary
aristocrats. They held both political power and economic wealth. Most aristocrats lived in
major cities. Beyond the major cities lived the rest of the population, which consisted of
farmers, fishers, artisans, and merchants, In most Southeast Asian societies, the majority
of people were probably rice farmers who lived at a bare level of subsistence and paid
heavy rents or taxes to a landlord or local ruler. Women worked side by side with the men
in the fields and often played an active role in trading activities
Aritstocrats
Farmers, Merchants Artisans
Slaves
Culture and Religion: Chinese culture made an
impact on Vietnam. In many other areas of Southeast Asia, Indian
cultural influence prevailed. The most visible example of this influence
was architecture.

11. Temple of Angkor 11. the most famous and
Wat
beautiful temple of Southeast
Asia
 Took 40yrs to complete
 Required an enormous quantity
of stone—as much as it took to
build Egypt’s Great Pyramid
 Angkor Wat rises like a 200foot-high mountain in a series
of three great terraces
TEMPLE OF ANGKOR WAT
Religion: Hindu and Buddhist ideas began to move into Southeast Asia
in the 1st millennium A.D. However the new religions did not entirely replace
existing beliefs. In all Southeast Asian societies, as in China and Japan, old
beliefs were blended with those of new faiths.

12. Hinduism and
Buddhism

13. Theravada
Buddhism

12. were introduced in
Southeast Asia

13. big religion in Southeast
Asia which teaches that
people can seek nirvana
through their own efforts; they
do not need priests or rulers
This religion also tolerated
local gods and posed no threat
to established faiths

Journal Activity

Journal Activity: Individually the
students will write a journal entry
from the perspective of a young girl
who is about to undergo foot binding
DO NOW



HOW DID THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
IMPACT ITS DEVELOPMENT? EXPLAIN YOUR
ANSWER.
HOW DID THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MALAY
PENINSULA AND OF THE INDONESIAN
ARCHIPELAGO DIFFER FROM THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE MAINLAND OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
ECONOMICALLY? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON PAGES 273-274
UNDER THE SECTION TITLED “THE LAND AND
PEOPLE OF SOUTHEAST ASIA” AND PAGE 277
UNDER THE SECTION TITLED “ECONOMIC
FORCES”
DO NOW



HOW DID THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
IMPACT ITS DEVELOPMENT? EXPLAIN YOUR
ANSWER.
HOW DID THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MALAY
PENINSULA AND OF THE INDONESIAN
ARCHIPELAGO DIFFER FROM THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE MAINLAND OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
ECONOMICALLY? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON PAGES 258-259
UNDER THE SECTION TITLED “THE GOLDEN
REGION: EARLY SOUTHEAST ASIA” AND PAGES
260-261 UNDER THE SECTION TITLED “THE
MAINLAND STATES AND THE MALAY WORLD”
DO NOW





WHICH COUNTRIES MOST INFLUENCED THE
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTHEAST ASIA?
IN WHAT WAYS DID THESE COUNTRIES
INFLUENCE SOUTHEAST ASIA CULTURALLY?
LOOK IN YOUR NOTES OR READ IN YOUR
TEXTBOOK ON PAGES 258-266
ONCE FINISHED WITH YOUR DO NOW TURN
THEM IN AND BEGIN STUDYING FOR YOU TEST
INDEPENDENTLY.
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE YOUR NOTEBOOKS OUT
AND READY ON CHAPTER 8 SECTIONS 1-3 & 5
I AM CHECKING THEM
DO NOW

What was the civil service examination and
why was it so important? Which group of
people was it important to?
What was the civil service examination and why was
it so important? Which group of people was it
important to?

The civil service examination was a way for rulers to recruit a
class of civil servants based on merit and not nobility (by
birth). By using the civil service examination, a practice
started by the Qin dynasty, the Tang and Song rulers sought to
recruit government officials based on ability. This undermined
the power of the aristocrats and created a new class of scholar
gentry. This in turn, allowed the land two be taken away from
the aristocrats and to be given back to the peasants who were
at the time tenant farmers. To the sons of the scholar-gentry,
the civil service examinations were crucial in gaining a civil
service position and hence a government career.
Consequently, preparing their sons for these examinations
became very important to scholar gentry families.
DO NOW

What is a samurai? What was
their role? Explain their code of
law.

READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 264-265 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “THE HEIAN PERIOD”
DO NOW

What is a samurai? What was
their role? Explain their code of
law.

READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 303-304 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “THE HEIAN PERIOD”
What is a samurai? What was their role? Explain
their code of law.

With the decline of central power during the Heian Period,
local aristocrats tended to take justice into their own hands.
They turned increasingly to military force as a means of
protecting their interests. A new class of military servants
emerged whose purpose was to protect the security and
property of their employers. Called the samurai “those who
serve”, these warriors resembled the knights of medieval
Europe. Like the knights the samurai were supposed to live by
a strict warrior code, known in Japan as Bushido (“the way of
the warrior”). Above all, the samurai’s code was based on
loyalty to his lord. In effect, these samurai kept Japan from
developing a strong central government and left Japan in the
hands of powerful aristocrats.
DO NOW

DESCRIBE THE WAY IN WHICH DAOISM
IS REPRESENTED IN CHINESE POETRY
AND ART OF THE DURING SONG AND
MONGOL DYNASTIES?

Chinese art and poetry were strongly influenced by the school of
thought Daoism (let nature take its course). Chinese poems celebrated
the beauty of nature, the changes of the seasons, and the joys of
friendship. They expressed sadness at the shortness of life and the
necessity of parting. Li Bo is a prime example of Daoist poetry
during the Tang Era. He was a free spirit whose writing often
centered on nature. During the Song and Mongol dynasties, landscape
painting reached its high point. Influenced by Daoism, Chinese artists
went into the mountains to paint and find the Dao, or Way, in nature.
This practice explains in part the emphasis on nature in traditional
Chinese painting. Chinese artists tried to reveal the hidden forms of
the landscape. Rather than depicting the realistic shape of a specific
mountain, for example, they tried to portray the idea of “mountain”.
Empty spaces were left in paintings because in the Daoist vision, one
cannot know the whole truth. Daoist influence was also evident in the
portrayal of human beings as insignificant in the midst of nature.
DO NOW



HOW WOULD AN INCREASE IN TRADE
AND EXPORTING CAUSE A REGION TO
DEVELOP MORE COMPLEX FORMS OF
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION?
ONCE YOUR ARE FINISHED WITH THIS
DO NOW TURN IT IN AND BEGIN
STUDYING INDEPENDENTLY FOR YOUR
TESTS
ALSO HAVE YOUR NOTES READY, I AM
CHECKING THEM!