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Download Mandate of Heaven, Bantu, Americas
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Warmup What was the Mandate of Heaven, and which civilization believed in it? ANCIENT CHINA THE SHANG DYNASTY: 1766-1122 B.C.E. Arose in the North China Along Yellow River Between Ordos Bulge and Mouth of Yellow River Evidence Many records, material remains discovered Bronze metallurgy, monopolized by elite Vast network of walled towns Agricultural surpluses supported large troops Shang Society Shang-kings were warriors Constant struggle with nobles for power The Shang capital moved six times Small Shang elite ruled large common population Lavish tombs of Shang kings Contained chariots, weapons, bronze goods Sacrificial human victims, dogs, horses Shang china MANDATE OF HEAVEN The right to rule granted by heaven Zhou justified their overthrow of Shang Ruler called "the son of heaven" Only given to virtuous, strong rulers To lose mandate = someone else should rule Replacement of dynasties = Dynastic Cycle Signs one had lost mandate Corruption, heavy taxes Lazy officials and rulers Revolts, invasions, civil wars, crime Natural disasters Society develops bad morals, habits THE ZHOU DYNASTY: 1122-256 B.C.E. The rise of the Zhou The last Shang king was a bad ruler The Zhou forces toppled the Shang Political organization Adopted decentralized administration Used princes and relatives to rule regions Consequences Weak central government with ceremonial functions Rise of regional powers; often called feudalism Constant rivalry between warring families, nobles Shang china The Zhou map Bantu Migrations, 3000-1000 BCE • Bantu: means “people” • Originated in what would be modern Nigeria • Migration throughout sub-Saharan regions – Population pressures • Over 500 variations of original Bantu language – 90 million speakers – Similar to Indo-Europeans in that they spread language as they moved. • By 1000 BCE, occupied most of Africa south of the equator Bantu Migrations, 2000 BCE-1000 CE Bantu Migration In Africa, why more of this… …and less of this? Bantu Religions • Evidence of early monotheism • Deistic views as well – Prayers to intercessors, e.g. ancestor spirits • Great variations among populations American Civilizations Olmecs Chavin How did they compare to other civilizations? Similar • Polytheistic • Metallurgy • Formed cities Different • Didn’t develop in a river valleys • Cultivated Maize (corn) • Domesticated llamas Chavin
