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Chapter 11
Discussion and review
Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty (581 -618)

Reunified China and established a central
government
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Based and Confucianism and Buddhism
Reason for decline
Ambitious construction, Grand canal , irrigation, and
military projects
 Several (4) loosing battles against the powerful
Kokuryo kingdom in Korea was detrimental to their
decline

The Grand Canal of China


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The Grand Canal of China is
the world's oldest and longest
canal
The building of the canal
began in 486 B.C.E during the
Zhou Dynasty and later by
Emperor Yangdi of Sui
Dynasty
The canal is 1,795 Km (1,114
miles (linked yellow river and
Yangtze river)
Had an enormous political and
economic effect on China’s
development
Tang Dynasty 618 – 907
• Centralized government
• But allowed local nobles to
exercise significant power
• Expanded their influence into
Central and Southeast Asia,
• demanded tribute from
such places as Korea and
Vietnam.
• Chan' an (capital city was
cosmopolitan)
• Integrated cultures from
all parts of Asia
Appeal of Buddhism


Politics
Mahayana Buddhism was used to legitimize their
control


supplied a spiritual function for kings and emperors

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
bodhisattvas
Protecting spirits would aid the ruler in governing of the state
Cultural diffusion
Buddhism also facilitated the exchange of language,
culture, and technology throughout eastern and
central Asia
Return to Confucianism
• In the late 9th century
Confucianism was
reasserted
• Reintroduced the use of
Confucian scholars in
running the government
Medical Achievement!
• Tang physicians
developed a small pox
vaccine in the 10th
century.
• Not widespread until
16th century
Wu Zhao
First Chinese Emperor 690 - 705
• Buddhism was used to
used to legitimize
women’s participation in
politics
• Buddhist used as a
scapegoat later in the
Tang dynasty why?
• Tax exemption,
undermining family
values, attracted
hundreds to become nuns
and monks
Chinese Noblewoman,
8th century-Tang Dynasty
Tang Women
characterized by open-mindedness and liberal
ideas.
 More likely to exercise greater influence in
managements of property, arts, and in politics
than women in later Chinese societies
 Had the right to own

Property
 Remarriage
 Divorce
 Allowed noble women to participate in polo matches

Chinese Society
Under the Tang and Song dynasties,
China was a well-ordered society.
GENTRY
• Most scholar-officials
were gentry, from the
wealthy landowning
class.
• government and
society should be
governed by Confucius
ideals
PEASANTS and MERCHANTS:
•Most Chinese were peasants
who worked the land.
•Peasants could move up in
society through education and
government service.
MERCHANTS
•According to Confucian
tradition, merchants were an
even lower class than peasants
because their riches came
from the labor of others.
Song Dynasty 960-1279
• Song leaders
supported a revival of
Confucian thought.
WHY?
• The ideal Confucian
official was a wise,
virtuous scholar.
• Implemented Civil
Service exams to
recruit the most
talented men
The Arts
• Tang / Song artisans
were known for their
fine porcelain (sole
supplier in world
trade), and
calligraphy
Inventions
• Under the Song, the Chinese
adapted the use of movable
type printing machines from
Korea.
• allowed for faster printing,
and the widespread diffusion
of ideas.
• Other inventions include the
spinning wheel, gun powder,
high quality steel
• Why did technological
explosion take place?
• Economic and military
pressure from their
neighbors
Antique Chinese
Silk Spinning
Wheel
Footbinding In Asia
Footbinding-Where did it come from?
• Chinese folklore attributes
the origins of footbinding
to a fox who tried to
conceal its paws while
assuming the human guise
of the Shang Empress.
• Another version suggests
that the Empress had a
club foot and insisted that
all women bind their feet
so that hers became the
model for beauty in the
court. Started in the Song
Dynasty.
• Some men, such as actors
or male prostitutes, also
bound their feet.
The Practice of Footbinding
Footbinding began in China during the Song dynasty
(10th century) and continued until the end of the
Qing dynasty. The practice was formally prohibited
in China in 1911 but continued in isolated regions
well into the 1930s.
Korea and Japan
During the Middle Ages
500-1600
Korean Peninsula

Korea’s location
on China’s
doorstep has
played a key role
in its history and
development
Chinese Influence
Buddhism
(mahayana)
Confucianism
How did Korea influence Japan?
Korean warriors united small country of Japan
under a central government
Disseminated the ideas of Buddhism,
Confucianism, architecture
Era of Three Kingdoms
 Between
300 and 600
C.E., three powerful
kingdoms emerged:
Shilla, Koguryo, and
Paekche.
 Shilla becomes the
dominate kingdom and
eventually establishes the
first dynasty; help from
China (Tang)…
HOW??
Hwarang - Korea's Warrior Knights
Koryo Dynasty
918-1392 AD
It was the Koryo
dynasty that ascended
after Shilla and again
brought unity to the
Korean nation.
 During this period the
development of the
martial art known today
as Taekwondo became
more systematized and
was made a compulsory
requirement for
selection and training in
the military.

TaeKwondo
Geography of Japan
Japan is located on
an archipelago,.
2. Four-fifths of
Japan is
mountainous
3. Most people settled
in narrow river
valleys and along
coastal plains.
4. The surrounding
seas have both
protected and
isolated Japan
1.
Shinto: Japan’s
Native Religion
•
•
•
Shinto means: “The
way of the gods.”
No complex rituals or
philosophy.
Importance of family,
love of nature “kami”,
physical cleanliness,
The worship and honor
given to the Kami and
ancestral spirits.
Shinto Explained
Yamato Clan
500-1000 CE
First and only
dynasty why?
• Emperor wielded only
symbolic power
•
Emperor Akihito and wif
Chinese Civilization
Influenced Early Japan
 In the early 600s,
Japan began sending
students, monks,
traders, and officials
to China.
 These visitors
returned to Japan
eager to spread
Chinese thought,
technology, and the
arts.
Rise of
Japanese Feudalism
•By 11th century large
landowners set up private
armies and raided the
countryside
•Small farmers hired
“protection” from the
gentry class in exchange
for land
•Feudalism arrived in
Japan…
Japanese Social Structure
In
theory, the emperor was at
the top
Real
power lay in the hands
of the shogun, or supreme
military commander.
The
shogun distributed land to
vassal lords who agreed to protect
them. These great warrior lords
were called daimyo.
They, in turn, granted land to
lesser warriors called samurai.
First Shogun Ruler
Minamoto Yoritomo
•He set up the
Kamakura Shongunate
•First of three military
dynasties that would
rule Japan for 700
years
Minamoto Yoritomo
The Warriors World
•Belonging to a Japanese
samurai class was a
hereditary membership
•Highly trained and
received special
privileges
in Japanese society
19th century Samurai
Japanese Warrior Armor
“The way of the warrior”
•A code of unquestioning obedience
•Honor more important than wealth
or life
•Absolute loyalty to one’s lord
•A true samurai would have no fear
of death
•Practiced “seppuku” a ritual
suicide
Zen Buddhism
•It emphasizes physical and mental
health
•Transition easy for the Shinto
believers
•Believed in the unity of nature
•Buddhist monasteries were centers
of learning and the arts
•Meditation and prayer are
Introduced into important to spiritual growth
Japan by Eisai
Zen Buddhism