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The History of East & Southeast Asia Chapters 27.2 and 30.2 China • Culture begins in Wei River Valley – No written records at this time – 3,000 BCESome say is even much older • Shang Dynasty (1600-1100 BCE) – In N. China Plain – Falls to inner rebellions, nomad invaders, and natural disasters ** Dynasties followed Mandate of Heaven & Dynastic Cycle ** China • Zhou Dynasty (1100-200 BCE) – Spread Chinese culture (Golden Age) – Iron tools – Confucianism & Daoism (Taoism) **discuss w/ culture Man Mo Temple in Hong Kong (Taoist) China • Qin Dynasty (200s BCE) – Expanded territory even further united China – Began Great Wall- military protection China • Han Dynasty (200 BCE-200 CE) – Cont’d Great Wall – 1st to systematically record history • Tang Dynasty (600-900 CE) – Saw “Renaissance” period (govn’t & art Δs) – Cont’d Great Wall – Buddhism grew China • Song Dynasty (900-1200s) – Period of peace, trade & educ. advances – Fell to Mongols • Ming Dynasty (1400-1600s) – 1st to have Eur. traders come in • Porcelain vases – Zheng He reaches E. Africa China • Qing Dynasty (1600-1900s) – Last to rule as dynasty – Minority group- Manchu (not Han) – Faced many rebellions and wars • Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 • Opium Wars 1830s-1850s • Guangzhou port forced to be opened to West (1834) China • Spheres of Influence – claimed in China by Europe and Japan (1890-1899) • Forced to be open to all for trade • Revolution ended rule of Qing Dynasty (1911) China • Mao Zedong & the Communist Party – 1927-1949 • Military Nationalist Party forms civil war with Communists win (PROC), Nationalists flee to Taiwan (ROC) **will discuss further China • Late 1900s – Tibet taken over in 50s Dalai Lama and Tibetans flee – Strict communist rule eventually turn to free market – Taiwan grows strong as democracy w/ export economy • 1200 BCE Korea – Chinese culture spreads (esp. writing) – Buddhism becomes main religion (400 CE) – Silla & Koryo Dynasties rule under united Korea Pulguk Temple (Silla) Tombs to Silla royalty Korea • 1200-1300 CE – China takes Korean Peninsula • Confucianism = basis for Korean govn’t & daily life • But create own language/writing system (hangul) – Often fought over by China & Mongols – For next ~600 yrs: • Constantly invaded, faced famines turns to China, but Japan halts aid Japanese colony in 1910 to 1945 turns to Russian ideals Korea • 1950-1953 – Divided in 1948: Russia helped North, US helped South get back on feet Communist conflict N invaded S (Korean War) US backed South – Ended in stalemate • 2000 – Still separate @ cease-fire line • DMZ – N in despair, S is prosperous – Peace talks held, but nothing accomplished Demilitarized Zone Japan – No recorded history until late 600s BCE – Set up in individual clans until 400 CE • Yamato Dynasty unites country (400) • Ruled with feudal system – Adopted cultural aspects from China & Korea – Many today consider Yamato the ethnic group for most Japanese Japan • 1100 CE – Armies weaken dynasty rule • Emperor still there, not full power – Replaced with shoguns • Minamoto 1st shogun • 1100s-1800s – Samurais help shoguns rule, as professional warriors – All foreign contact is outlawed (isolationism) Japan • 1854 – US Officer Perry helped end isolation by opening ports • Forced to sign unfair treaties • Later 1800s – Meiji Restoration: major Δs back to imperial rule, but industrialized Japan • 1890-1940s – Imperial Japan begins • Takes Taiwan, Manchuria, Korea (colony) – Rape of Nanking, 1937 • This expansion led to conflict w/ U.S. • 1945 – Defeated in WWII – Lost overseas territory – Works toward democracy Early Civilizations • SE Asian skills & traditions – Advanced farming, animal domestication/ livestock, metalwork (Thailand 1st = bronze), power & $ thru maternal side • Early Development – Maritime trade (seafaring), or just crops for land based countries Funan Kingdom • Indian traders set up posts in Gulf of Thailand – Blend SE Asn & Indn culture (Hinduism/ central govn’t) • Maritime traders, intense irrigation system Khmer Empire • Along Mekong R. (almost all Indochina Pen, & N. Malay Pen) • System of lakes, canals, irrigation channels 3-4 crops ea. yr! • Angkor Wat – Hindu/Buddhist temple & tomb for Khmer ruler, built 800 yrs ago – damaged during Communist era Srivijaya Empire • Island of Sumatra • Navy controlled valuable straits & taxed traders (Singapore utilizes same straits) • China Vietnam – Writing system, religion & philosophy, govn’t (communism later on) • Islam SE Asia – Traders = Conversion in coastal areas interior areas – Malacca is impt cultural center for Muslims • Spheres of Influence SE Asia – Most countries owned & become rivals – Buffer state of Siam created Western Control • Pros: – Transportation improvements; expanded industry (mining, oil); created commercial plantations production soared • Cons: – Plantation profit went to West, forced to wk on plantations for little $, many immigrants brought in for labor; increased military conflict WWII • All Westerners forced out by imperialist Japan • After war, and Japan’s defeat, France wanted control back of Vietnam… – Prelude to Vietnam War • US would stand up against anything communist (North Vietnam, North Korea, China, USSR, Cuba, Cambodia) Vietnam War • • • • • • • • France: kicked out by northern communist (1954) Ho Chi Minh: led northern Vietnam Ngo Dinh Diem: led southern Vietnam Viet Cong: communist rebels in the south Gulf of Tonkin: attack* here brought US in to war Agent Orange: chemical used to kill jungle Guerilla Tactics: Viet Cong had power in jungle Richard Nixon: Withdrew troops, partly due to protest • “boat people”: Millions fled after, most died