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Astronomy- The Original Science
Pages 4-10
A.
Astronomythe study of
all physical
objects
beyond Earth
B. Calendar-a system for
organizing time
Aztec calendar
Egyptian Stone calendar
1) Calendars are based
on movements of
objects in the sky.
C. Year- time required for Earth to
orbit the sun once
D. Month- amount of time required for
the moon to orbit the Earth once
E. Day- the time required for the
earth to rotate once
F. Many ancient civilizations
developed calendars- Mayas,
Chinese, Egyptians, and Hebrew
H. Julius Caesar
fixed the
problem of the
seasons shifting
due to the
calendar by
adding an extra
day every 4 yearsa leap year.
I. Most countries use the
Gregorian calendar which
scientists calculate will be
accurate for another 3,000 years.
It was created to make a year
more accurate to 365.242 days
per year by changing how often
leap year occurs.
J. Early Observers
Nabta
Chinese
Stonehenge
Mayan Building
Babylonia
Ancient Arabastrolabe
K. Early Astronomers
1) Claudius
Ptolemy(Greek)
Ptolemy
thought that
the Earth was
at the center of
the universe
with the sun
and other
planets
revolving
around the
Earth
2) Nicolaus
Copernicus(Polish)
thought the
sun is at the
center of the
universe and
the planets
orbit around
the sun.
3) Tycho
Brahe(Danish)used a mural
which is a
large quartercircle on a
wall to
measure the
positions of
stars and
planets.
4) Johannes
Kepler- stated
that all the
planets revolve
around the sun
in elliptical
orbits and the
sun is not in the
exact center of
the orbits.
5) Galileo- was the
first person to use a
telescope to observe
celestial bodies and
discovered
sunspots, 4 moons
of Jupiter, craters
and mountains on
the moon
6) Isaac
Newtonexplained
that planets
and moons
stay in orbit
due to
gravity.
L. William
Herschel
discovered
Uranus in 1781.
M. Edwin Hubble used photography in 1923
to discover that there are other galaxies.