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Chapter 9 Section 4 The Second President John Adams Trouble with France • The French objected to Jay’s Treaty between the United States and Britain. • In 1797, French ships began to seize American ships in the West Indies. The XYZ Affair • French foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand would not deal directly with the Americans. Instead, he sent 3 secret agents: “Not a sixpence!” • “You must pay money. You must pay a great deal of money.” • Before Talleyrand would begin talks, he wanted $250,000 for himself and a loan to France of $10 million. • The diplomats informed President Adams about the bribe. He informed Congress. “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute! • When Americans heard about the XYZ Affair in 1798, they were furious. • They were willing to spend money to defend their country, but they refused to pay a bribe to another nation. Adams avoids war. • Adams strengthened the American navy. • Shipyards built frigatesfast-sailing ships with guns. • This convinced France to stop attacking American ships. • Talleyrand assured Adams that he would treat American diplomats with respect. Alien and Sedition Acts • In 1798, the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed. Alien and Sedition Acts • Alien Act – Allowed the President to expel any foreigner thought to be dangerous to the country. – White people could become citizens after 14 years instead of 5 years. • Sedition Act – Stirring up rebellion against the government. – Citizens could be fined or jailed if they criticized the government. What happened as a result of these laws? • Republicans protested that the Sedition Act violated the Constitution. • Several Republican newspaper editors and even members of Congress were fined and jailed for their opinions. • “If this goes down, we shall immediately see attempted another act of Congress, declaring that the President shall continue in office during life, and after that other laws giving both the President and the Congress life terms in office.” • Thomas Jefferson The Rights of States • Jefferson urged the states to act. He said that the states had the right to nullify, or cancel, a law passed by the federal government. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions • Helped by Jefferson and Madison, in 1798 and 1799, these were passed. They claimed that each state has an equal right to judge for itself whether a law is constitutional. • If the state decides that the law is unconstitutional, it can nullify the law. • Does the state have this right? John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr- Election of 1800 • In the race for President, the Republicans won. However, Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes. • In this case, the House of Representatives votes to find a winner. After more than 35 times and four days, Thomas Jefferson was finally chosen as President. • Go to http://www.presidentelect.org/e1800.html#top to find out more information about the Election of 1800. Twelfth Amendment • The Twelfth Amendment required electors to vote separately for President and Vice President. • The states ratified the amendment in 1804. Fun Facts • Did you know that the population of the United States in 1800 was 5,308,483, which is less than present day New York City? • Did you know that the White House was in such bad shape when John and Abigail Adams moved in that Mrs. Adams hung her laundry in the East Room to dry? • Did you know that the presidential elections of 1800, 1824, 1876, and 2000 were resolved by the House of Representatives? Interactive Quiz • 1. How did Americans react to the XYZ Affair? A. They ignored it. B. They thought it was the government’s problem. C. They were outraged. Answer to Question #1 • Letter C.- They were outraged. Question #2 • 2. How long did it take for eligible white people to become citizens after the Alien Act was passed? • A. 5 years • B. 14 years • C. 20 years Answer to Question #2 • Letter B.- 14 years Question #3 • 3. True or false? After the Sedition Act was passed, citizens could be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials. Answer to Question #3 • True- Citizens could be jailed for violating the Sedition Act. Question #4 • 4. Who was the winner of the Election of 1800? • A. Thomas Jefferson • B. John Adams • C. Aaron Burr Answer to Question #4 • Letter A. Thomas Jefferson • Aaron Burr was his Vice President.