Download Chapter 4.3 Types of Societies

Chapter 4.3 Types of Societies
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Societies across the
world change based on
environment,
interaction, and time.
Groups
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A set of people who
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interact on the basis of shared expectations
who possess some degree of common identity
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Largest groups we study are societies.
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Subsistence Strategies
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This is how sociologists
tend to classify
societies
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Subsistence strategies
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The way a society uses
technology to provide for
the needs of its
members.
Preindustrial Societies
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Food production is the highest priority
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Carried out through the use of human and animal
labor
Groups of preindustrial societies
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Hunting and gathering
Pastoral
Horticultural
Agricultural
Hunting and Gathering Societies
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Collect food daily by
–
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Hunting wild animals
Collecting wild fruit and
vegetables
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Everyone hunts and gathers
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Constantly move in search
of food
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Usually live in temporary
housing
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Huts
tepees
Pastoral Societies
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Rely on domesticated herd
animals for food
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Sheep
Cattle
Lamb
Less people needed to work
for food in society
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Division of labor
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Some people become
craftworkers, mothers, etc.
Horticultural Societies
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Grow food in farms
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Have high level of technology
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Use slash and burn tactics for
crops
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Wild vegetation is burned
Ash turns into compost for new
farming.
Large division of labor
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Strictly because of surplus of
food
Agricultural Societies
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Animals pull plows to till fields
and farms
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Technology allows farming to
make large surplus of food
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Bartering does not take place
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Silos
Tractors
Plows
Irrigation
Use money
Large division of labor
Industrial Societies
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Instead of focusing on food,
they focus on production of
goods!
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How?
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Produce goods using
machines!
–
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Buy food from other people!
Sell for much higher price.
Causes urbanization
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Concentration of population in
urban areas
Postindustrial Societies
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Economy focuses on
providing information and
services.
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In US, 73% of workforce do
this.
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2% work in agriculture
25% produce goods
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Place strong emphasis on
science and technology
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Society is stable