Download 17.1 Two Superpowers Face Off revised 6

By: Daniel Joh and William Shin



The nonaggression pact between Germany and
the Soviet Union was one of the problems that
caused the two countries to anger each other

Even before WWII ended, the
relationship with the Soviet
Union and the United States
was starting to getting worse.
The Soviet Union ,in a way,
betrayed the U.S. by signing a
nonaggression pact with
Germany.
Stalin said that it was the Allies’
fault that the attack on Germany
was delayed.
These conflicts lead to major
problems between the two
powerful countries.



February, 1945- U.S., Britain,
and the Soviet Union meet at
Soviet Black Sea to divide
Germany into zones.
Stalin promises Eastern
Europeans the right to vote, but
Churchill knew it was an empty
promise unless they followed a
policy friendly to Russia.
In return, the Soviet Union
decided to join the attack on
Japan, an ally of Germany.





The UN still exists today



On June 1945, the United States, the Soviet Union,
and 48 other countries created the United Nations
(UN)
The United States and the Soviet Union set aside
their differences during the creation of the United
Nations.
The UN promised to try and save future countries
from war.
The UN created a large body called the General
Assembly which was a meeting of all of the
members with a voting system.
The Security Council had most of the power in the
UN.
It had 11 members to settle disputes and investigate
The Security council had 5 permanent members
(Britain, China, France, the United States, and the
Soviet Union).
A veto from any Security council member could
cancel the action to prevent overriding votes.
Table from the
Modern World
History: Patterns of
Interaction textbook,
page 476



The United States and the Soviet Union split right after WWII
The United States suffered 400,000 deaths, but the Soviet Union
suffered 50 times more than that.
Theses caused different goals in the two countries which later
leads to war.



The Soviet Union feared and need protection against invasions
They don’t have neutral borders so they fell every time they were
invaded
Examples: Napoleon overran Moscow (1812) and Germany
invaded during WWI


By the end of the war,
the Soviets pushed the
Nazi’s back and gained
countries to buffer from
enemies
Soviets gained Albania,
Bulgaria, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, Romania,
Poland, and Yugoslavia


Harry Truman (thirty-third President of the United States )
On April 12, 1945, president
Roosevelt died and Harry
Truman replaced him.
Truman tried to push Stalin
into letting Eastern Europeans
vote, but it lead to him
declaring war on the U.S.



Europe was divided into two.
(Communist and noncommunist)
Germany was spit into 2
The division became known as
“iron curtain”.




Growing Soviet’s threat in
Eastern Europe
USSR (Union of Soviet Social
Republics) were empirebuilding
President Truman confirms a
foreign policy called
containment.
Stop the growing of
communism



Truman aids Turkey and
Greece
Support towards countries
rejecting communism called
the Truman Doctrine
Controversy




No interference other
countries’ affairs
Not many resources
Possible that aid go to
dictators
Congress gave $400 million to
Turkey and Greece






Terrible conditions after war
1947, U.S. Secretary of State
George Marshall suggested aid
to any European countries ->
The Marshall Plan
$ 12.5 billion (!) plan
Arguments
Communists spread to
Czechoslovakia
Succeeded in Western Europe
and Yugoslavia


1948, France, Britain, and the
United States withdraw
Soviet Union grabs Western
Berlin more strongly by not
giving them enough supplies




C-47s during Berlin Airlift
Surrender or,
Give up to unify
U.S. & Britain gives support
Soviet Union gives up and flee
from Germany



These were the beginning of
the Cold War (a capitalism vs.
communism war)
Spying, propaganda,
diplomacy, and secret
operations
Most countries allied
Cummings of the Daily Express, 24 August 1953, "Back to Where it all Started"




During Berlin’s hostage,
Western Europe, U.S., Canada
forms NATO (North Atlantic
Treaty Organization)
Soviet Union, Poland, East
Germany, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria,
and Albania form Warsaw Pact
Later in 1950’s, the United
States create another alliance
SEATO (Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization) to secure
Korea and Indochina after
warfare.







The largest thermonuclear weapon ever tested
Tense atmosphere
Both rivals had atomic bombs
Truman decided to create a
much more powerful ones
1950, U.S. Thermonuclear
weapon (A-bomb)
9 months later… Soviet Union
also made one
Dulles (during Eisenhower
president) speaks in
brinkmanship
Both nations for four more
decades competed for stronger
nuclear weapons and planes
Sputnik 1, the first satellite





Competition in science and
education
Poured billions of dollars
1957, Soviets made ICBM to
launch Sputnik I
1958, U.S. launched their own
satellite
1960, U-2 incident





U-2 plane
1955, Eisenhower “open skies”
Soviets refuses
U.S. CIA spies in U-2 planes
Soviets shot a U-2 plane
Boosted up the tension and
mistrust into a new dimension
References







http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figure
s/KISH_26_586.gif
http://www.arikah.com/commons/en/a/aa/Deutschland_Besatzungs
zonen_1945_1946.png
http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/lowcountries/belcoldwar.gif
http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/harrytruman.jpg
http://backspace.com/notes/images/ironcurtain.png
http://www.maggiethatcher.com/un.gif
http://history.sandiego.edu/cdr2/PATCH/NA/ww279sm.GIF
http://cairsweb.llgc.org.uk/images/ilw1/ilw1094.gif
References (cont.)









http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/NATO_vs_
Warsaw_%281949-1990%29.png
http://www.johndclare.net/images/Soviet_takeover.GIF
http://teachers.henrico.k12.va.us/highlandsprings/fravel_d/fravel_sit
e/us11/cwsoviettanks.jpg
http://teachers.henrico.k12.va.us/highlandsprings/fravel_d/fravel_sit
e/us11/coldwarplansdoctrines.html
http://www.historicaldocuments.com/MarshallPlanPhoto.jpg
http://www.travisairmuseum.org/html/cold_war.html
https://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/PopTopics/c47ber.jpg
http://www.authentichistory.com/1950s/speeches/images/berlin_airli
ft_02.jpg
http://www.johndclare.net/
References (cont.)







http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/ff/20061
012045516!Cold_War_Map_1980.png
http://www.piedmontcommunities.us/go/407/FSLO-1115053071830407.jpg
http://www.history.neu.edu/chstg314_files/image002.jpg
http://www.history.neu.edu/chstg314.htm
http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/IvyMikeC1024c10.jpg
http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/physics/high_schools/2006/Space_
Exploration/sputnik.jpg
http://www.rdgoodies.com/lockheed/U-2/u-2-113.jpg