Download 18_1 Origins of the Cold War

18.1 Origins of the Cold War
The Soviet and U.S. soldiers believed that their encounter would serve as
a symbol of peace. Unfortunately, such hopes were soon dashed.
Aisha Armer
Samantha Ahmari
Jaclyn Anderson
Andy Arnold
Period 2
Vocabulary Terms
• United Nations (UN): The representatives of 50 nations
met in San Francisco to establish this new peacemaking
body. The delegates signed a charter establishing the
UN.
• Satellite Nations: Countries dominated by the Soviet
Union.
• Containment: Taking measures to prevent any extension
of communist rule to other countries.
• Cold War: A conflict between the United States and the
Soviet Union in which neither nation directly confronted
the other on the battlefield.
• Truman Doctrine: He declared the “It must be a policy of
the United States to support free peoples who are
resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or
by outside pressures”
Vocabulary Terms Continued
• Marshall Plan: The program
proposed by secretary of state
George Marshall in 1947,
under which the united states
supplied economic aid to
European nations to help them
rebuild after World War II.
• Berlin Airlift: To fly food and
supplies into West Berlin.
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO): A
defensive military alliance
formed in 1949 by ten western
European countries, the U.S.
and Canada.
Former Allies Clash
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Since the Soviet Union had once been
allies with Hitler, the Americans and
Soviets became more suspicious of
each other.
Relations worsened once Stalin
learned the US tried to keep the
development of the atomic bomb
secret.
The UN was intended to promote
peace after the war but it became an
arena for superpowers to spread
they’re influence over others.
Stalin, Truman and Attlee-who
replaced Churchill- met in Potsdam
– Stalin went against what he
promised Roosevelt and
prevented free elections in Poland
and banned democratic parties.
Tension Mounts
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US industry boomed during the
war
At Potsdam it was decided that
Soviets, British, Americans, and
French would take reparations
from their own occupation zones
Soviets wanted to take reparations
from Germany to repay wartime
losses
Soviet union had economic and
military strength after war
Stalin gave a speech announcing
communism and capitalism were
incompatible - and another war
was inevitable.
•
•
Americans were gonna stop
“babying the Soviets”
George F. Kennan, an American
diplomat in Moscow, proposed to
prevent any extension of
communism to other countries.
Cold War in Europe
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The cold war (conflict between the US and the Soviet Union) dominated global
affairs from 1945 until 1991
Britain tried to give the US aid in Europe but they were too destroyed by the war
and couldn’t afford to help
Truman asked for $400 million in economic and military aid for Greece and
Turkey to keep Soviet influence from spreading- known as Truman Doctrine
June 1947, George Marshall proposed for the US to aid all European nations that
needed it to cure hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos
– Over the next 4 years 16 countries received $13 billion in aid
– The communist part had lost appeal to voters
Superpowers Struggle Over Germany
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•
The US, Britain, and France wanted to combine
their 3 zones of Germany
– Since Stalin didn’t give access to Berlin to
Allies and he closed all highways and rail
routes so no food or fuel could be
transferred in
Berlin airlift- Britain and American officials
landed in Berlin for 327 every few minute
– 227,000 flights, brought in 2.3 million tons of
supplies
– May 1949, Soviet Union realized they were
beat and lifted the blockade
10 Western European Nations joined the US
and Canada to form defensive military
alliance called North Atlantic Treaty
Organization(NATO)
Questions
1. What caused suspicion between the untied states and
the soviet union during World War 2?
2.What happened at the Potsdam Conference?
3. What was the Truman Doctrine?
4. What was the Marshall Plan?
5. What caused Stalin to close access to Berlin?
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The United states and the soviet union had very different
ambitions for the future. These differences a climate of icy tension
that plunged the two countries into a bitter rivalry.
The Soviet Union, England and the united states decided what
should happen to east and west Germany
The policy of the United States to support free people who are
resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside
pressures.
16 countries received some $13 billion in aid
Stalin took over east Germany and cut it off from west Germany
Links
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38805000/jpg
/_38805725_natoflags_emblem.jpg
• http://www.johndclare.net/images/Marshallbike.JP
G
• http://estonia.usembassy.gov/georgekennan.jpg
• http://www.kilroywashere.org/06Images/Invasion/SessionPotsdam-Arc.jpg
• http://www.allamericanpatriots.com/files/trumandoctrine.jpg