Download THE EARLY COLD WAR

THE COLD WAR
What is More Important?
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Equality
Freedom
Should we all share the same grade?
Should all students be given different
grades?
The Scene
• Following WWII, the world needed to be
rebuilt.
• The two nations that performed this task
were the United States and the Soviet
Union.
• They became known as the two
SUPERPOWERS.
TWO NATIONS
United States:
Political System: Democracy
Economic System: Free Enterprise, Market,
Capitalist.
Soviet Union
Political System: Single Party Rule
Economic System: Communism
COMMUNIST THREAT ABROAD
• Iron Curtain: This phrase referred to the
division between Democratic West Europe
and Communist East Europe.
Soviet Aggression
• East Europe: Countries were forced to
have Communist governments by the
USSR.
• Turkey and Greece: The Soviet Union
threatened to force Turkey and Greece
into Communism.
Truman Doctrine
• Truman Doctrine: Truman declared that
the United States would support any
nation resisting a Communist takeover.
• Containment: The belief that Communism
should be contained and not allowed to
spread.
Rival Plans
• Marshall Plan: This gave money to nations
in Europe to rebuild their economies. Over
13 billion dollars in aid was provided.
• Molotov Plan: The Soviet plan to help
Eastern European nations recover.
Rival Teams
• NATO: (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization) An Alliance between
Western democracies to protect against
and attack from the Soviet Union.
• Warsaw Pact: An Alliance between
Communist Eastern European countries
designed for protection.
Berlin Trouble
• Berlin Blockade: In June 1948 the Soviet Union
cut off access to West Berlin.
• Berlin Airlift: The US airlifted 2.5 millions tons of
supplies into Berlin to keep the city functioning.
• Berlin Wall: In 1961 the East German Army built
a wall separating East and West Berlin.
• http://www.history.com/videos/berlin-walldeconstructed#berlin-wall-deconstructed
Cracking the Whip
• Feb. 1948: Czechoslovakia becomes
Communist under threat of Soviet
invasion.
• Oct. 1956: Hungary attempted to withdraw
from the Warsaw Pact but the Soviet
Union crushed the “rebellion”.
Asian Issues
• China: In 1949 Mao’s Communists took over
China.
• Korean War: In 1950, Communist North Korea
invaded South Korea.
• Ambush: The UN forces pushed the North up to
the Chinese border where Chinese soldiers
entered the fight.
• Stalemate: In 1953, both sides agreed to a
cease-fire and the nation remains divided to this
day.
• http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ush
istory/koreanwar/
• http://www.history.com/topics/koreanwar/videos#truman-sacks-generalmacarthur
Red Scare
• Red Scare: During the 1950’s many in the
government became worried about Soviet
spies.
• McCarthyism: Term for the wild
accusations of communists by Senator
Eugene McCarthy.
What’s the Big Deal?
• Soviets Get the Bomb: In September
1949, the Soviet Union tested their own
atomic bomb before it was thought
possible.
• Sputnik: A Soviet satellite launched in
1957.
Arms Race
• Arms Race: Both nations sought to build
up their nuclear arsenal to gain an
advantage.
• Mutually Assured Destruction: The buildup of nuclear weapons meant war
between the US and the USSR would
destroy both nations.
Real Consequences
• Rosenberg Trial: Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg were accused of stealing
atomic secrets and sentenced to die.
• Soviet Spies: Many Soviet spies operated
in the United States. The Communist Party
was directly tied to the Soviet Union.
Legal Anti-Communism
• Taft-Hawley Act: This act limited the power
of unions and outlawed “closed shops”.
• Other Laws: Many were forced to swear
allegiance to the United States in order to
keep their jobs.