Download Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – 1848

From a Republic to a State
• In 1836, most Texans
had wanted to
become a state.
• 10 years later-28th
state
• Resolution signed
March 1, 1845
• Texas could be
divided at any time
into 5 states.
The Constitutional Convention of
1845
• 1st step – the state gov’t needed a
constitution
• The TX Congress adopted a document
similar to the U.S. as most citizens were
from the U.S.
• Held in Austin
• Most of the delegates were from Southern
States.
Convention Delegates
Jose Antonio Navarro (1795-1871)
•Only TX-born delegate. Helped write the 1st Constitution
•Served in the Coahuila y Tejas legislature, Federal congress
of Mexico, and then the Republic’s congress
•Helped write the state constitution
•Served 2 terms in TX Senate
•Had a county named for him in 1846
Thomas J. Rusk (1803-1857)
•President of the Convention (Unanimously approved)
•Served as Republic Commander-in-Chief, Secretary of War,
and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
•Greatly influenced the form of the new state government
•Would serve w/Houston as one of TX’s first senators*
•Rusk County and the town of Rusk are named in his honor
The State Constitution of 1845
• It was a collaboration of LA, the Republic,
as well as the U.S. Constitutions.
• Protected homesteads from debts, clergy
couldn’t serve in the legislature, slavery
existed, and women could own land.
• 3 branches of government
• Executive offices included governor and
lieutenant governor for 2 year terms
• Also established the TX Supreme Court
The Election of 1845
• James Pinckney Henderson
became the first governor of
TX. (served 1 term)
• Rusk and Houston were the
first two senators from TX.
• Kaufman and Pillsbury served
in the House of Rep.
• Hemphill served as chief
justice of the Supreme Court.
Make a Prediction
Why would Mexico have a problem with
Texas being annexed to the United
States?
Mexican vs. U.S. Policy on TX
• Mexico refused to recognize the Treaties
of Velasco as well as TX independence.
• SA signed because his life was in danger.
• International law and custom didn’t
recognize agreements under those
conditions.
• Mexican leaders thought the TX
Revolution was planned by the U.S.
• If TX became a state, they threatened war.
Manifest Destiny - belief that the U.S. had the right to all the
land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans – “sea to shining sea”
Prelude to War
• 1845 Polk sends Zachary Taylor to Corpus
Christi. Encamped on Nueces River
• Sends John Slidell to negotiate. He offers:
millions for land to California.
• Mexico said NO
• March 1846 Taylor crossed Nueces and war
begins.
The War with Mexico
• U.S. wins the Battle of
Palo Alto and Resaca
de la Palma.
• Declaration of War on
May 13, 1846
• Fighting would be
over land and sea
• U.S. wins Monterrey
and Buena Vista
Texans and the Mexican War
• More than 5,000 served to “Remember the
Alamo!” and for the men of the Mier
Expedition still in prison.
• Governor Henderson took a leave of
absence to volunteer.
• Many Texas Rangers served as scouts.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – 1848
• Mexico recognized
the Texas-Mexico
border as the
Rio Grande.
• Mexico ceded the
Mexican Cession to
the United States.
• Today, the Mexican
Cession are the states
of CA, NV, UT, and
parts of AZ, NM, CO,
and WY.
Gadsden Purchase
• The United States
The United States bought southern
paid Mexico $15
NM and AZ for $10 million.
million.
TX-NM Border Dispute
• The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo did not
address TX’s western border.
• TX believed border did not stop in El Paso
but continued to the Rio Grande’s
headwaters in Colorado.
• NM has ill feelings due to Lamar and close
ties to Mexico.
Texas Efforts to Control NM
• Governor Henderson sends a rep. to
discuss the matter but NM doesn’t want to
hear it.
• 1847 – Governor Wood tries to establish
counties to lay claim but only El Paso will
result in land.
Slavery and Territories
• Zachary Taylor is president in 1848.
• Wants CA to be added as a Free State
• NM and UT residents want to be added as
well.
• Abolitionists want slavery gone(TX border)
• Senator Clay proposes main points of
Compromise of 1850.
Free and Slave States-1848
Free
States
Michigan
Maine
Illinois
Indiana
Ohio
Iowa
Vermont
Rhode Island
New York
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Connecticut
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Arkansas
Missouri
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisiana
Tennessee
Kentucky
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Maryland
Georgia
Delaware
Texas
Slave
States
Compromise of
1850
•
•
•
•
•
California becomes a state.
NM and UT become territories.
The slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
South receives Fugitive Slave Law.
TX gives up some of disputed territory in the
north and the west for $10 million resulting in
our current TX borders today.