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Section 10-3
War and Expansion in the US
America Moves West
 In 1803 T. Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from
France, it doubled the size of the US, 1819 Spain gave Florida
to the US, 1846 a treaty w/ Brit. Got the US the Oregon
territory
 The US was in a westward expansion & Americans used the
Manifest Destiny to justify their actions (the ideas that the US
had the right & duty to rule N. Am from the Atlantic to the
Pacific
 Indian Removal Act – forced Native Americans to move from
the East to reservations in the West (Trail of Tears – journey
from East to West to Oklahoma where many Native Am. died
from diseases)
Texas, the Mexican Am. War & the Gadsden
Purchase
 Texas revolted & got its
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independence from Mexico 1836
The US annexed Texas in 1845
This caused a war b/t Mexico and
the US (1846-1848)
Mexico lost and lost the Mexican
Cession (California, AZ, NV, New
Mexico, a large part of present day
Southwestern US)
The Gadsden Purchase in 1853
established the present day
southwestern US border with
Mexico.
The Civil War
 The North – had a diverse economy
w/ farming and industry & used free
workers
 The South – economy based on a few
cash crops (cotton, sugar, tobacco,
and coffee) & used slave labor
 The differences led to conflicts over
states’ rights (the idea that states
make their own policies and
decisions w/o federal interference)
 When Abraham Lincoln was elected
President of the US in 1860 the
Southern states began to secede or
withdraw from the Union & formed
the Confederate States of America
The Civil War (cont.)
 US Civil War – Confederate forces fired on Ft. Sumter, SC
Lincoln ordered the Army to bring the rebels back to the
Union (1861-1865)
 Advantages North – more industry/transportation,
money/resources, and larger pop. South – superior military
leaders
Abolition of Slavery
 Lincoln said that the war was being
fought to save the union not end slavery
 Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation-statement that all slaves in
the Confederacy would be free
 This kept European aide from the South
b/c the North was fighting vs. slavery
and made the war about moral issues.
 The US gov’t passed the 13th (abolished
slavery), 14th (gave rights to freed
people), and 15th (gave them the right to
vote) amendments.
Reconstruction
 1865 – 1877
 Union troops occupied the South and forced them to follow the
Constitutional amendments and laws
 When the troops left Southerners passed laws that limited African
Am. rights. They encouraged segregation or separation based on
race.
Postwar Economy
 The Civil War caused US industrialization to increase rapidly
because massive amounts of goods were needed for the war and
new technology was introduced. (Railroad improvements and the
beginning of the idea of a transcontinental railroad)
 The Civil War helped the US to become a world leader in industry
and manufacturing