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Section 10-3 War and Expansion in the US America Moves West In 1803 T. Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from France, it doubled the size of the US, 1819 Spain gave Florida to the US, 1846 a treaty w/ Brit. Got the US the Oregon territory The US was in a westward expansion & Americans used the Manifest Destiny to justify their actions (the ideas that the US had the right & duty to rule N. Am from the Atlantic to the Pacific Indian Removal Act – forced Native Americans to move from the East to reservations in the West (Trail of Tears – journey from East to West to Oklahoma where many Native Am. died from diseases) Texas, the Mexican Am. War & the Gadsden Purchase Texas revolted & got its independence from Mexico 1836 The US annexed Texas in 1845 This caused a war b/t Mexico and the US (1846-1848) Mexico lost and lost the Mexican Cession (California, AZ, NV, New Mexico, a large part of present day Southwestern US) The Gadsden Purchase in 1853 established the present day southwestern US border with Mexico. The Civil War The North – had a diverse economy w/ farming and industry & used free workers The South – economy based on a few cash crops (cotton, sugar, tobacco, and coffee) & used slave labor The differences led to conflicts over states’ rights (the idea that states make their own policies and decisions w/o federal interference) When Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1860 the Southern states began to secede or withdraw from the Union & formed the Confederate States of America The Civil War (cont.) US Civil War – Confederate forces fired on Ft. Sumter, SC Lincoln ordered the Army to bring the rebels back to the Union (1861-1865) Advantages North – more industry/transportation, money/resources, and larger pop. South – superior military leaders Abolition of Slavery Lincoln said that the war was being fought to save the union not end slavery Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation-statement that all slaves in the Confederacy would be free This kept European aide from the South b/c the North was fighting vs. slavery and made the war about moral issues. The US gov’t passed the 13th (abolished slavery), 14th (gave rights to freed people), and 15th (gave them the right to vote) amendments. Reconstruction 1865 – 1877 Union troops occupied the South and forced them to follow the Constitutional amendments and laws When the troops left Southerners passed laws that limited African Am. rights. They encouraged segregation or separation based on race. Postwar Economy The Civil War caused US industrialization to increase rapidly because massive amounts of goods were needed for the war and new technology was introduced. (Railroad improvements and the beginning of the idea of a transcontinental railroad) The Civil War helped the US to become a world leader in industry and manufacturing