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STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1. Explain the economic and cultural factors that fueled the growth of American imperialism. 2. Describe how the United States acquired Alaska. 3. Summarize how the United States took over the Hawaiian Islands. Section 1 Imperialism and America Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition causes the United States to expand. NEXT SECTION 1 Imperialism and America American Expansionism Global Competition • Imperialism—policy of extending control over weaker nations • In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of Africa, compete for China • Japan joins race for China; U.S. decides to expand overseas Continued . . . NEXT Chapter 10 Section 1 Imperialism and America IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA • Throughout the 19th century America expanded control of the continent to the Pacific Ocean • By 1880, many American leaders felt the U.S. should join European nations and establish colonies overseas • Thus began America’s foray into Imperialism – the policy in which stronger nations extend control over weaker nations WHY IMPERIALISM? • 1) Desire for Military strength – Mahan advised strong navy • 2) Thirst for new markets – to spur economy & trade • 3) Belief in Cultural Superiority – a belief that Anglo-Saxons were superior Chapter 10 Section 1 • What three factors spurred American Imperialism? – Global competition for colonies – Desire for Military Strength – 3rd largest navy – Thirst for New Markets – need for raw materials SECTION 1 continued American Expansionism Thirst for New Markets • U.S. farms, factories produce more than Americans can consume • U.S. needs raw materials, new markets for goods • Foreign trade: solution to overproduction, unemployment, depression NEXT Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: The Roots of American Imperialism – Economic roots • Industrial overproduction in the US led to the view that the country’s factories needed raw materials from abroad and that surplus US products needed to be sold in new markets. Chapter 10 Section 1 Imperialism and America • A – How did European imperialism affect Africa? – Only two African nations remained independent; the rest of the continent was divided up among European nations. Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: The Roots of American Imperialism – Political and military roots • The global military expansion of European Powers led to a US desire to do the same. SECTION 1 The United States Acquires Alaska Early Expansion • William Seward—Secretary of State under Lincoln, Johnson • 1867, arranges purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million - has trouble convincing House to fund purchase - Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly” • Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil NEXT THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA • In 1867, Secretary of State William Steward arranged for the United States to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million • Some thought it was a silly idea and called it “Steward’s Icebox” • Time has shown how smart it was to buy Alaska for 2 cents an acre • Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil Chapter 10 Section 1 • B – How did time prove that the purchase of Alaska was not an act of folly? – Alaska is rich in timber, minerals, and oil. SECTION 1 continued American Expansionism Belief in Cultural Superiority • Some combine Social Darwinism, belief in superiority of Anglo-Saxons • Argue U.S. has duty to Christianize, civilize “inferior peoples” NEXT Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: The Roots of American Imperialism – Racist roots • Belief in the racial and cultural superiority of AngloSaxons led many to claim that the US had a responsibility to expand and spread Christianity and civilization. SECTION 1 The United States Takes Hawaii The Cry for Annexation • Since 1790s, U.S. merchants stop in Hawaii on way to China, India • 1820s, Yankee missionaries found schools, churches on islands • Mid-1800s, American-owned sugar plantations 75% of islands’ wealth • 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor - becomes refueling station • 1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar • Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so will not have to pay duty Continued . . . NEXT U.S. TAKES HAWAII • Hawaii had been economically important to Americans for centuries • To avoid import taxes (tariffs), sugar growers pleaded for annexation • The U.S. knew the value of the Islands – they had built a naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1887 • Led by Sanford Dole, American annexed Hawaii in 1898 and it formally became a state in 1959 Chapter 10 Section 1 • C – What factors led to the annexation of Hawaii in 1898? – U.S. ministers John L. Stevens organized a revolution that dethroned Hawaii’s queen in 1891. – American plantation owner Sanford B. Dole became head of the new govt. – In 1897 William McKinley became president – he favored annexation. SECTION 1 Imperialism and America American Expansionism Desire for Military Strength • Admiral Alfred T. Mahan urges U.S. to build up navy to compete • U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third largest naval power Continued . . . NEXT Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: What did Admiral Mahan urge the United States to do to protect its interests? – Build up the US navy. – Increased naval power. SECTION 1 continued The United States Takes Hawaii The End of a Monarchy • 1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit vote to landowners • Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning requirement • With help of marines, business groups overthrow queen • Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole • President Cleveland cannot make Dole surrender power to queen - recognizes Republic of Hawaii • Under President McKinley, Congress proclaims Hawaii U.S. territory NEXT How did Queen Liliuokalani’s main goal conflict with American imperialist’s goals? – “Hawaii for Hawaiians” – • she wanted to remove the property requirement for voting. Led to Revolution Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii • 1875 – A treaty allows Hawaiian sugar to be sold in the US; duty-free (TAX-FREE). • 1887 – American business leaders force the king so that only the wealthy landowners have voting rights; – US forces naval base at Pearl Harbor Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii • 1890 – The McKinley Tariff eliminates the duty-free status of Hawaii • 1891 – Liliuokalani becomes queen of Hawaii • 1897 – William McKinley becomes US president, favors annexation • 1898 – Congress proclaims Hawaii American Territory – After McKinley dies Teddy Roosevelt becomes president.