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STANDARD(S):
11.1 Students analyze the significant events in
the founding of the nation.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
1. Explain the economic and cultural factors that
fueled the growth of American imperialism.
2. Describe how the United States acquired
Alaska.
3. Summarize how the United States took over
the Hawaiian Islands.
Section 1
Imperialism and America
Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the
century, global competition causes the United
States to expand.
NEXT
SECTION
1
Imperialism and America
American Expansionism
Global Competition
• Imperialism—policy of extending control over
weaker nations
• In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of Africa,
compete for China
• Japan joins race for China; U.S. decides to
expand overseas
Continued . . .
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 1
Imperialism and America
IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA
• Throughout the 19th century
America expanded control of
the continent to the Pacific
Ocean
• By 1880, many American
leaders felt the U.S. should
join European nations and
establish colonies overseas
• Thus began America’s foray
into Imperialism – the policy
in which stronger nations
extend control over weaker
nations
WHY IMPERIALISM?
• 1) Desire for Military
strength – Mahan
advised strong navy
• 2) Thirst for new
markets – to spur
economy & trade
• 3) Belief in Cultural
Superiority – a belief
that Anglo-Saxons
were superior
Chapter 10 Section 1
• What three factors spurred American
Imperialism?
– Global competition for colonies
– Desire for Military Strength – 3rd largest navy
– Thirst for New Markets – need for raw
materials
SECTION
1
continued
American Expansionism
Thirst for New Markets
• U.S. farms, factories produce more than
Americans can consume
• U.S. needs raw materials, new markets for goods
• Foreign trade: solution to overproduction,
unemployment, depression
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
The Roots of American Imperialism
– Economic roots
• Industrial overproduction in the US led to the view
that the country’s factories needed raw materials
from abroad and that surplus US products needed
to be sold in new markets.
Chapter 10 Section 1
Imperialism and America
• A – How did European imperialism affect
Africa?
– Only two African nations remained
independent; the rest of the continent was
divided up among European nations.
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
The Roots of American Imperialism
– Political and military roots
• The global military expansion of European Powers
led to a US desire to do the same.
SECTION
1
The United States Acquires Alaska
Early Expansion
• William Seward—Secretary of State under
Lincoln, Johnson
• 1867, arranges purchase of Alaska from Russia
for $7.2 million
- has trouble convincing House to fund purchase
- Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly”
• Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil
NEXT
THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA
• In 1867, Secretary of State
William Steward arranged for
the United States to buy
Alaska from the Russians for
$7.2 million
• Some thought it was a silly
idea and called it “Steward’s
Icebox”
• Time has shown how smart it
was to buy Alaska for 2 cents
an acre
• Alaska is rich in timber,
minerals and oil
Chapter 10 Section 1
• B – How did time prove that the purchase
of Alaska was not an act of folly?
– Alaska is rich in timber, minerals, and oil.
SECTION
1
continued
American Expansionism
Belief in Cultural Superiority
• Some combine Social Darwinism, belief in
superiority of Anglo-Saxons
• Argue U.S. has duty to Christianize, civilize
“inferior peoples”
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
The Roots of American Imperialism
– Racist roots
• Belief in the racial and cultural superiority of AngloSaxons led many to claim that the US had a
responsibility to expand and spread Christianity
and civilization.
SECTION
1
The United States Takes Hawaii
The Cry for Annexation
• Since 1790s, U.S. merchants stop in Hawaii on
way to China, India
• 1820s, Yankee missionaries found schools,
churches on islands
• Mid-1800s, American-owned sugar plantations
75% of islands’ wealth
• 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval
base at Pearl Harbor
- becomes refueling station
• 1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free status
of Hawaiian sugar
• Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so will not
have to pay duty
Continued . . .
NEXT
U.S. TAKES HAWAII
• Hawaii had been
economically important to
Americans for centuries
• To avoid import taxes
(tariffs), sugar growers
pleaded for annexation
• The U.S. knew the value of
the Islands – they had built a
naval base at Pearl Harbor
in 1887
• Led by Sanford Dole,
American annexed Hawaii in
1898 and it formally became
a state in 1959
Chapter 10 Section 1
• C – What factors led to the annexation of Hawaii
in 1898?
– U.S. ministers John L. Stevens organized a revolution
that dethroned Hawaii’s queen in 1891.
– American plantation owner Sanford B. Dole became
head of the new govt.
– In 1897 William McKinley became president – he
favored annexation.
SECTION
1
Imperialism and America
American Expansionism
Desire for Military Strength
• Admiral Alfred T. Mahan urges U.S. to build up
navy to compete
• U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third
largest naval power
Continued . . .
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
What did Admiral Mahan urge the
United States to do to protect its
interests?
– Build up the US navy.
– Increased naval power.
SECTION
1
continued
The United States Takes Hawaii
The End of a Monarchy
• 1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit
vote to landowners
• Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning
requirement
• With help of marines, business groups overthrow
queen
• Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole
• President Cleveland cannot make Dole surrender
power to queen
- recognizes Republic of Hawaii
• Under President McKinley, Congress proclaims
Hawaii U.S. territory
NEXT
How did Queen Liliuokalani’s main
goal conflict with American
imperialist’s goals?
– “Hawaii for Hawaiians” –
• she wanted to remove the
property requirement for
voting. Led to Revolution
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii
• 1875
– A treaty allows Hawaiian sugar to be sold in the US;
duty-free (TAX-FREE).
• 1887
– American business leaders force the king so that only
the wealthy landowners have voting rights;
– US forces naval base at Pearl Harbor
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii
• 1890
– The McKinley Tariff eliminates the duty-free status of Hawaii
• 1891
– Liliuokalani becomes queen of Hawaii
• 1897
– William McKinley becomes US president, favors annexation
• 1898
– Congress proclaims Hawaii American Territory
– After McKinley dies Teddy Roosevelt becomes president.