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The Lure of Imperialism
Unit Question
How and why does the United States entered the imperialist
competition later than the European powers but soon extended its
influence in the Pacific region?
Section Questions
• What inspired the imperialist activity of the late 1800s?
• How did the United States take control of Hawaii?
• How did the United States gain influence in China?
• How did the United States exert influence in Japan?
Several industrialized nations competed to gain territory
throughout the world.
• The Industrial Revolution had increased wealth in many nations, causing
them to look elsewhere for markets and opportunities for investment.
• An increase in trade had brought about the rise of large navies to protect
trading interests. These navies needed strategically placed bases for
refueling and repairs.
• Ideologies such as Social Darwinism justified European expansion into Asia,
Africa, and Latin America.
The Imperialist Powers
The Imperialists
Ideology
By the late 1800s, industrialized
Western nations such as Great
Britain, France and Germany
looked to Africa, Asia and Latin
America for new customers,
places to invest and raw materials
Two popular ideologies contributed
to imperialism. A sense of
Nationalism, or love of one’s
country and a feeling of cultural
superiority.
Taking Control of Hawaii
• In the late 1800s, American expansionists were interested in Hawaii as a
potential coaling station and naval base
• American missionaries and others came to Hawaii and raised crops,
particularly sugarcane. But became power hungry
• King Kalakaua negotiated a treaty that made Hawaiian sugar cheap to
import to the United States.
–
He was also forced by the Hawaiian League to sign the
Bayonet Constitution, giving Pearl Harbor to the United States
• Sugar planters overthrew Queen Liliuokalani with the help of the U.S.
marines.
• Sugar tycoon Sanford Dole became president of the Republic of Hawaii.
The Open Door Policy gives the United States an equal
footing in China.
• European powers gained spheres of influence in China.
•U.S. Support for the Open Door Policy increased as
American leaders thought it was too late to secure a sphere
of influence in China
U.S. Secretary of State John Hay proposed the Open Door
Policy in China in opposition to European spheres of
influence.
• Increased foreign presence in China led to the Boxer
Rebellion.
• Western nations cooperated to quell the rebellion and
continue exploitation of Chinese trade.
Diplomacy and naval superiority help the U.S. gain
influence in Japan.
• Japan was isolated and unindustrialized until the mid-1800s.
• Commodore Matthew Perry brought four steamships into Tokyo
Bay in 1853 to pressure Japan to open its ports to trade.
• Japan quickly became an industrial and military power to compete
with the West.
Critical Thinking and Application
Review the information in the text book about how
and why the United States decided to annex
Hawaii
Create a time line showing the steps to
annexation, beginning with Cook's visit to the
islands in 1778 and ending with annexation
Illustrate your time line with visuals that represent
each event