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USII.7abc-9abcd
Review
Instability after
World War I:
• World wide depression
• High inflation
• Germany’s high war
debt
• Massive unemployment
Dictator
•A leader who rules
with total control.
The 3 Axis Powers
• Germany
• Hitler
• Italy
• Mussolini
• Japan
• Tojo
Ruled by
dictatorships:
•Nazi Germany
•Fascist Italy
•Fascist Japan
The Soviet Union
•Began as an Axis
Power, and changed
to the Allies after
Germany invasion.
The Allies
*USA
• FDR & Truman
*Great Britain
*Canada
•Churchill
*Soviet Union
•Stalin
*France
Isolationism
•National policy of
avoiding involvement
in world affairs.
Hitler’s promise
•A boost in
economy
•Relief from high
unemployment
Inflation
•A continuous
rise in the price
of goods and
services.
US Presidents
during WWII
•Franklin D. Roosevelt
and later…
•Harry S. Truman
Increased tensions
between the U.S. and
Japan BEFORE Pearl
Harbor was due to:
•Japanese
aggression in East
Asia
When…
•The U.S.
declared •Germany
war on
declared
Japan
war on
then….
the U.S.
The bombing of
Pearl Harbor
•December 7,
1941
•“A day that shall live
in infamy”
War Timeline:
• Germany invades France on
June 1940
• Japan bombs Pearl Harbor on
Dec. 1941
• U.S. declares war on Japan &
Germany
• D-Day
U.S. helped in WWII
BEFORE Pearl Harbor by:
•Giving economic
aid to the Allies
There was a gradual
change in American
policy during WWII:
• Practice of isolationism
• Economic aid to allies
• Direct involvement
Germany invades
Poland
The start of WWII in
Europe
The Battle of Britain
•Germany launched massive
air raids over Britain, BUT the
British Royal Air Force
mounted a heroic defense and
inflicted heavy losses on the
German Air Force. Hitler then
moved east into the Soviet
Union.
Lend-lease
• An act passed by Congress in
March 1941 allowing the U.S. to
sell, lend, or lease arms or other
war supplies to any nation vital to
the defense of the U.S.
• Ex: The U.S. gave war supplies
and old naval ships to Great
Britain in return for military bases
in Bermuda and the Caribbean.
D-Day
•Normandy, France
•June 6, 1944
•Started the
liberation of
Western Europe
The Battle of
Midway
U.S. victory that
was a turning point
in the war in the
Pacific
Stalingrad
•The Soviet Union
defeated Germany
at Stalingrad, oil
rich lands to the
south of the Soviet
Union.
Japan surrendered
because:
• The U.S. dropped 2
atomic bombs on:
•Hiroshima
•Nagasaki
Hitler believed
that:
•Aryans were
the master
race
Holocaust
•a systematic attempt to
rid Europe of all Jews.
•practiced Anti-semitisma hatred of Jews
Concentration
Camps
•Where Hitler
imprisoned Jews
and others during
WWII
“Rosie the Riveter”
•A character
developed to
encourage women to
take factory jobs in
defense plants.
Internment
Camps
•Where the U.S. put
Japanese Americans
during WWII.
Rationing:
•Limiting of
scarce goods
during wartime.
Women helped
during WWII by:
•Taking jobs in
defense plants
during the war.
• Learning from the mistakes of
the past, the U.S. accepted its
role as a world superpower,
helping to rebuild Europe and
Japan and taking the leading
role in establishing the United
Nations.
• Much of Europe was in ruins
following WWII. Soviet forces
occupied most of Eastern and
Central Europe and the Eastern
portion of Germany.
• The United States felt it was in
its best interest to rebuild Europe
and prevent political and
economic instability.
Reasons for Rapid Growth
of the American Economy
Following WWII:
• With rationing of consumer
goods over, businesses
converted from the production of
war materials to consumer
goods
• Americans purchases goods on
credit
Reasons for Rapid Growth of
the American Economy
Following WWII (con’t)
• The work force shifted back to men, and
most women returned to family
responsibilities
• Labor unions merged and became more
powerful; workers gained new benefits and
higher salaries
• As economic prosperity continued and
technology boomed, the next generation of
women re-entered the labor force in large
numbers
• Examples of
businesses
converting
from the
production
of war
materials to
consumer
goods:
• Combat boots
to tennis shoes
• Fighter jets to
passenger
airplanes
• Parachutes to
nylon stockings
• Production of
war vehicles to
family
automobiles
The United
Nations
• An international
organization that debates
world issues and tries to
keep peace
• Formed near the end of
WWII to prevent future
wars
Containment
•The policy or process
of preventing the
expansion of a hostile
powers; a policy of
blocking communist
expansion.
Marshall Plan
• U.S. plan to provide
massive economic aid to
Western European
economies after WWII and
to stop the spread of
communism
(Named after George C. Marshall
who made the announcement)
Following its defeat
after WWII, Japan:
• Was occupied by American forces
• Adopted a democratic form of
government
• Resumed self-government
• Became a strong ally of the United
States
After WWII, Germany
was partitioned into:
West Germany
and
East Germany
West Germany:
•became democratic
•Resumed selfgovernment after a few
years of American,
British, and French
occupation
East Germany:
• Remained under the domination
of the Soviet Union and did not
adopt democratic institutions.
NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
• Stated that “an armed attack
against one or more of (the
member nation) shall be
considered an attack against
all”
• Military alliance formed to
guard against Soviet attack
Warsaw Pact
•Counterpart of
NATO
•Had military force
that the Soviet
Union controlled
Democracy
• A government by the
people and for the
people.
• The U.S. has this type
of government.
Capitalism
•An economic system
based on private
property and free
enterprise
•The U.S.A. has this
type of system
Dictatorial
• Ruled by a dictatorship
• The Soviet Union was
ruled by a dictatorial
leadership.
Communist
• A system in which property is
owned by society instead of an
individual. A dictator is in
charge.
• The Soviet Union had this type
of system.
After WWII, the United States and the
Soviet Union emerged as world
powers, triggering a rivalry over
ideology and national security.
This led to what we know as the
COLD WAR
The Cold War
•Tension between the
USA and the Soviet
Union without actual
fighting that divided
the world into two
camps.
Origins of the Cold War:
• Differences in goals and ideologies
(ideas) between the Soviet Union
and the United States
*The U.S. was:
Democratic and Capitalist
*The Soviet Union was:
Dictatorial and Communist
During the Cold War
the Soviet Union
dominated over:
•Eastern
European
Coutnries
Since WWII, the United States
has been directly involved in
various conflicts that reflected
the divisions created by Cold
War tensions and hostilities.
The tension between the
free world and the
communist world caused
divisiveness at home and
abroad.
The Korean War
• South Korea and the
United States resisted
Chinese and North
Korean aggression.
• The war ended in
STALEMATE.
The Cuban Missile
Crisis
• An event during the Cold War that
brought the USA and the Soviet
Union close to a nuclear war
• The Soviet Union placed missiles
in Cuba
• The USA responded by a naval
blockade & the Soviet Union
turned back
The Vietnam
War
• The U.S. intervened to stop the spread of
communism into South Vietnam (Domino
Theory)
• American were divided over whether the
U.S. should be involved militarily in Vietnam
• The conflict ended in a cease-fire
agreement in which U.S. troops withdrew
Domino Theory
• If one country is taken
over by communism then
all surrounding countries
fall to communism
• Coined by President
Eisenhower referring to
the spread of communism
into South Vietnam
The collapse of the
Soviet Union and
Communism in Europe
•The destruction of the
Berlin Wall
•The break up of the
Soviet Union into
independent countries
America’s New
Challenges AFTER
the Cold War
• Role of U.S. military
involvement
• Environmental challenges
• Global issues, including
trade, jobs, diseases and
energy
USII.8d
Changing patterns in
American society
since the end of WWII
changed the way most
Americans lived and
worked.
Factors leading to
changing patterns in
U.S. Society:
• Strong economy-healthy job
market, increased productivity,
increased demand for American
products
• Greater investment in education
• The “Baby Boom” which led to
changing demographics
Factors leading to changing
patterns in U.S. Society
(con’t)
• Interstate highway system
• Evolving role of women were
expected to play a supporting role
in the family while working outside
the home
• Role of Eleanor Roosevelt in
expanding human rights
• African Americans’ aspirations for
equal opportunities
Policies and programs
expanding educational and
employment opportunities:
• The G.I. Bill or Rights gave educations,
housing, and employment benefits to
veterans
• Harry S. Truman desegregated the
armed forces (the military)
• The Civil Rights Legislation led to
increased educational, economic, and
political opportunities for women and
minorities
USII.9a-The Civil Rights
Movement
The Civil Rights Movement resulted in
legislation that ensured constitutional
rights to all citizens of the United States
regardless of race.
Women activists were inspired by the
achievements of the Civil Rights
Movement and took action to gain
equality for women, particularly in the
workplace.
Effects of Segreation:
• Separate educational facilities
and resources for white and
African American students
• Separate public facilities such
as restrooms, drinking
fountains, and restaurants
• Social isolation of races
The Civil Rights
Movement:
• Opposition to Plessy v. Ferguson
that ruled that “Separate but
equal” to be constitutional
• Brown v. Board of Education ruled
that separate but equal was
unconstituional and led to the
desegregation of schools
The Civil Rights
Movement (con’t)
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Passive resistance against
segregated facilities; “I have a
dream…” speech
Rosa Parks
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Civil Rights
Movement (con’t)
• The practice of Passive
Resistance against segregated
facilities included :
• Organized Protests, Freedom
Riders, Sit-Ins, Marches
The Civil Rights
Movement (con’t)
Expansion of the NAACPThe National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
The law supported the struggle for
equality for African Americans by
the passing of:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Changing Role of
Women
• Workplace disadvantages:
• Discrimination against women in hiring
practices
• Lower wages than men for doing the same
job
Improved Conditions included:
*Now-National Organization for Women
*Federal legislation to force colleges to
give women equal athletic opportunities
The Changing Role of
Women
• The Equal Rights Amendment,
despite its failure, and a focus on
equal opportunity employment,
created a wider range of options
and advancement for women in
business and public service.
USII.9b
• After WWII, Americans turned
their energies to the
development of peacetime
technologies.
• New technologies in
communication, entertainment,
and business have dramatically
affected American life.
Industries benefiting the
most from new technologies
• Airline industry-jet engines
• Automobile industry and the interstate
highway system
• Entertainment and news media
industries
• Exploration of space
• Satellite systems &
telecommunications including pagers,
cell phones & television
• Internet
The Impact of New
Technologies on American
Life
• Increased domestic and
international travel for business
and pleasure
• Greater access to news and other
information
• Cheaper and more convenient
means of communication
The Impact of New
Technologies on American
Life (con’t)
• Greater access to heating and airconditioning improving the quality of life
and encouraging population growth in
certain areas of the country
• Decreased regional variation resulting
from nationwide access to the same
entertainment and inforamtion proved
by national TV, radios, Internet services,
and computer games
USII.9c
• Representative citizens have
influenced American
scientifically, culturally,
academically, and
economically.
Science
• Charles Drew: Medicine,
particularly Blood Plasma
• J. Robert Oppenheimer: Physics,
particularly serving on the
Manhattan Project Team who
designed the Atomic Bomb
Culture
• Frank Lloyd Wright-Architecture
• Martha Graham-Dance
Academics
• Henry Louis Gates-History
• Maya Angelou-Literature
Economics
• Bill Gates-Computer Technology
and Microsoft
• Ray Kroc-Franchising (McDonald’s)
USII.8e
• Between the end of WWII and
the present, the world has been
marked by an increase in
globalization and
interdependence
Globalization
• Globalization is the linking of
nations through trade,
information, technologies, and
communication
• Globalization involved the
increased integration of
different societies
The Impact of
Globalization on
American Life
• Improvement of all
communications such as travel,
telecommunications and the
Internet
• Availability of a wide variety of
foreign-made goods and services
• Outsourcing of jobs
USII.9d
American foreign policy,
immigration policies, energy
policies, and environmental
policies affect people both in
the United States and in other
countries.
Foreign Policy
• Increase in terrorist activities
• Conflicts in the Middle East
• Changing relationships with
other nations
Immigration
• Changing immigration patterns
(Hispanic Americans and Asian
Americans)
• More people want to immigrate
to the United States than are
allowed by law
Global Environment
• Policies to protect the
environment
• Global climate change
• Conservation of water and other
natural resources
Other Issues
• Energy issues (dependence on
foreign oil)
• World health issues (global
pandemics such as the Swine
Flu)
USII.2c Review
State and Regions
A state is an example of a political
region. States may be grouped as
part of different regions,
depending upon the criteria used.
Cities serve as centers of trade and
have political, economic, and/or
cultural significance.
The 9 States found in the
Northeast region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Maine
Vermont
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
The 4 Important cities
found in the Northeast
region:
•New York
•Boston
•Pittsburgh
•Philadelphia
The 14 states in the
Southeast region:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Maryland
South Carolina
Delaware
Georgia
West Virginia Florida
Virginia
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
Louisiana
North Carolina Arkansas
The 3 important cities
found in the Southeast
region:
• Washington, D.C.
• Atlanta
• New Orleans
The 12 states found in
the Midwest region:
• Ohio
• Indiana
• Illinois
• Michigan
• Wisconsin
Dakota
• Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
Kansas
Nebraska
South
North
The 3 important cities
found in the Midwest
region:
• Chicago
• St. Louis
• Detroit
The 4 states found in
the Southwest region:
• Texas
• Oklahoma
• New Mexico
• Arizona
The 2 important cities
found in the Southwest:
• San Antonio
• Santa Fe
The 6 states found in the
Rocky Mountain/Western
Region:
• Colorado
• Utah
• Nevada
• Montana
• Wyoming
• Idaho
The 2 Important cities
found in the Rocky
Mountain/Western region:
• Denver
• Salt Lake City
The 3 states found in
the Pacific region:
•Washington
•Oregon
•California
The 3 important cities
found in the Pacific region:
• San Francisco
• Los angeles
• Seattle
The 2 states found in
the Noncontiguous
region:
•Alaska
•Hawaii
The 2 important cities
found in the
Noncontiguous region:
•Juneau
•Honolulu
FINALLY!!! You’re
finished!
•STUDY, STUDY,
STUDY and make
your parents and
me proud!