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The Cold War
End of Isolationism
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Formation of the United Nations: international
body to resolve disputes
UN General Assembly: could vote on any
international issues
UN Security Council: permanent members
U.S., Britain, France, Soviet Union, China
Security Council could authorize use of force
End of WWII
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Allies victorious in Europe, occupy
Germany
Yalta (Soviet Union) and Potsdam
(Germany) Conferences, 1945
America, Britain, France, Soviet Union
occupy Germany (Berlin)
Germany disarmed
End of WWII
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America occupies Japan and part of
Germany
War criminals put on trial
Nuremberg Trials
Poland and Eastern Europe occupied by
Soviet troops
Cold War (1945-1989)
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Opposing ideologies: communism and
capitalism
What is Communism?
Why was it “cold”?
America feared revolution; Soviet Union
feared counterrevolution or invasion
Cold War
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Arms race: buildup of atomic
weapons
Local and regional wars:
support of local belligerent
forces (Korea, Vietnam)
Espionage and surveillance
Cold War
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Propaganda: messages made
opponent look bad
Space Race: Attempt to impress
the world by achieving “firsts” in
space: flight, orbit, the moon.
Space Race
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Sputnik 1, first artificial satellite, orbits in
1957
Beginning of informal competition
Yuri Gagarin – first man in orbit, 1961
Kennedy and Johnson: space programs
1969: Apollo 11 lands on moon
Soviet Satellites
Soviets rig elections in Eastern Europe:
Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, East Germany: all
become Communist, take orders from
Moscow
The “Iron Curtain”
Eastern Europeans could not:
 travel
 listen to Western broadcasts
 read Western publications
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) - 1949
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Britain, France, Germany, U.S., Belgium,
Netherlands, Canada, others
Purpose: mutual defense
U.S. troops, atomic weapons deter a
Soviet attack on Western Europe
Warsaw Pact
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Eastern European countries form their
own defensive alliance