Download Cold War

The Cold War
Students will be able to…
1. Identify major events of the Cold War
2. compare and contrast capitalism, communism, and socialism
Warm-Up:
1. What were two causes of the Cold War?
2. What is the difference between capitalism and communism?
Homework: Khan Academy Video
Watch and take notes on the video “The Korean War.” Be prepared to
take a short quiz on what you watch. The quiz will be open notes and
be for the first ten minutes of class tomorrow. You will not receive
more than 10 minutes, so if you arrive late, you will end at the same
time as the other students end.
Vocabulary Check
Cold War: Non shooting conflict between the Soviet Union and their allies and the United
States and their allies. Numerous secondary conflicts arise due to the Cold War.
Truman Doctrine: A policy if the Truman presidency that called for supporting any nation
resisting communism.
Containment: A cold war policy that called for containing communism to areas already
under its influence. This policy was proposed by U.S. President Harry Truman.
Iron Curtain: A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the
Soviet Union’s policy of isolation during the Cold War. The Iron Curtain isolated Eastern
Europe from the rest of the world. Its most poignant symbol was the Berlin Wall.
Domino Theory: The idea that countries bordering communist countries were in more
danger of falling to communism unless the United States and other western nations worked
to prevent it.
Berlin Airlift: A re-supply operation to the city of Berlin that lasted 11 months during 194849 when the Soviet Union attempted to close off the city.
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an international defense alliance between the
United States, Great Britain, and others formed in 1949 as a response to the spread of
communism.
Warsaw Pact: An international defense alliance between the Soviet Union and many of its
Eastern European satellite states as a response to NATO. Formed in 1955.
Major Events of the Cold War
-The Soviet Union had problems maintaining control over its satellite
states. Life was virtually unbearable despite the promises of
communism, and any group willing to fight the Soviets had the
support of the United States. In 1956, shortly after taking power with
the death of Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev, ordered Soviet troops into
Hungary to put down a rebellion. Hungarian freedom fighters had
believed the West would help. It did not, which allowed the Soviet
government uncontested control in eastern Europe. In 1968, the
Soviets invaded Czechoslovakia under the leadership of Leonid
Brezhnev, who claimed that the Soviet Union had the right to involve
itself in the affairs of any communist country. This is known as the
Brezhnev Doctrine.
Khrushchev,
Nikita :
(1894-1971) Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. Khrushchev was critical of Stalin’s policies and attempted to reverse some
of them. He is responsible for placing nuclear missiles in Cuba which resulted in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Brezhnev, Leonid :
(1906-1982) Leader of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982. During his control of the Soviet Union, relations with the West, as well as the
Soviet economy, experienced a long period of stagnation.
Cuban Missile Crisis
The world teetered on the brink of destruction during the Cuban Missile
Crisis of 1961. Fidel Castro had allied himself with the Soviet Union for
economic support and protection from the United States. The U.S. had
been involved in the Bay of Pigs invasion, which had failed. Khrushchev
then began building Soviet missile installations in Cuba. Upon discovery,
the United States confronted the Soviet Union and demanded the missiles
be removed. For nearly two weeks, nuclear war was
imminent. Eventually, diplomacy succeeded and war was averted.
Cuban Missile Crisis :
(1961) Crises that developed as a result of Cuban dictator Fidel Castro’s decision to
allow the Soviet Union to base nuclear missiles in Cuba. Upon discovery, the United
States confronted the Soviet Union and demanded the missiles be removed. For nearly
two weeks, nuclear war was imminent. Fortunately, diplomacy succeeded and crisis
was averted.
Bay of Pigs :
An unsuccessful invasion of Cuba in 1961, which was sponsored by the United States.
Its purpose was to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.
Korean War
The Korean War was the first instance of open warfare which pitted
communism against capitalism. The U.S. believed in the domino theory,
which stated that nations sharing borders with communist countries were
in imminent danger of falling under the sway of that country. North Korea
had become a communist state with the backing of Mao Zedong's
China. South Korea had chosen democracy in the wake of WWII.
In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea by crossing the 38th Parallel,
the latitude line which divided the Korean peninsula. The invasion forced
the United Nations into involvement with UN forces being comprised
largely of American troops. American involvement brought China into the
war which raged back and forth across the 38th Parallel for three years of
brutal fighting, often in sub-zero conditions. In 1953, an armistice, or end
to conflict, was signed which re-established the 38th parallel as the border
between North and South Korea. Therefore, three years of war resulted in
absolutely
Mao
Zedong : nothing.
(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People’s
Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.
The Vietnam Conflict
The Vietnam Conflict was similar to the Korean War. Communist Northern
Vietnam had invaded democratic Southern Vietnam in the early
1960's. Northern forces, the Viet Cong, were under the leadership of Ho
Chi Minh and were receiving aid from the Soviet Union and China. As
guerrilla tactics were proving effective against American forces, the U.S.
escalated the conflict by sending in more troops. This escalation, and the
subsequent invasions of Cambodia and Laos, turned the American public
against its government. Finally, under the leadership of Richard Nixon,
American troops left Vietnam, ending the war in the early 1970's.
Vietnam Conflict/War :
A war in the country of Vietnam, first between the French and Vietnamese, as France was attempting to hold onto its colony. The
second war was between the United States and the communist forces of North Vietnam, as the U.S. was attempting to keep South
Vietnam free from communism. The North Vietnamese eventually won, forcing the United States to withdraw.
Viet Cong :
The name of the Vietnamese communist who fought against South Vietnam and the United States during the
Vietnam War.
Ho Chi Minh :
(1890-1969) Vietnamese leader who is responsible for ousting first the French, then the United States from his country. Supported by
both communist China and the Soviet Union, he guided Vietnam through decades long warfare to emerge as a communist nation.
Afghanistan
-The Cold War experienced an easing of tension in the 1970's called
détente. However, this relative peace was shattered with the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The USSR was forcibly exerting its
power in a effort to establish Afghanistan as a communist state. For ten
years, a poorly trained and equipped Soviet army was repeatedly beaten
by Afghan guerrilla forces being supplied by the United States. The Soviet
economy was completely disrupted and the Soviet public demanded an
end to the war. Many comparisons can be made with this conflict and the
one
between
the United States and Vietnam.
détente
:
A policy during the Cold War which was aimed at relaxing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. The policy calls
for increase diplomatic and commercial activity.
24 DECEMBER 1979, THE INVASION
BEGINS
1. Elements of the 40th Army cross the Amu
Daria river at Termez, moving towards Kabul
on Highway 1
2. 103 Guards Airborne Division establishes
an air corridor into Kabul
3. More elements of the 40th Army cross the
border at Kushka in modern Turkmenistan,
travelling to Kandahar via Heart
1979 - 1989, THE OCCUPATION OF
AFGHANISTAN
1. Soviet forces hold major towns and cities
around the periphery of Afghanistan.
2. Highway 1, the route connecting Kandahar
to Kabul and Termez, and the border with
Pakistan are the most hotly contested areas
of the war
3. The central Hindu Kush mountain range
and rural areas are left mostly to the
mujahideen.
Stop and Jot
•
What were the major events of the Cold War? What
reasons were given for engaging in these conflicts?
Capitalism vs. Communism. vs. Socialism
•
http://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/history/eurohist/cold-war/v/communism
•
Today, we are going to take a look at the Khan
Academy video on The Cold War. Very specifically,
we are going to take a look at the difference between
capitalism, socialism, and communism. These
concepts are asked about regularly on the Regents
and are often topics that students get wrong.
•
Be prepared to share you notes and thoughts about
the topic.
Capitalism vs. Communism. vs. Socialism
•
Exit Ticket:
•
On the front, what is the difference between
communism and capitalism?
•
On the back, what is “wrong” with communism, if
anything?