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In this section you will learn
that the split between Hamilton
and Jefferson led to the growth
of political parties in America.
Washington’s presidency (17891797) ended with a foreign
policy warning that the U.S.
remain neutral and “steer clear
of permanent alliances with
any portion of the foreign
world”. This advice served to
guide U.S. policy into the 20th
century.
Despite Washington’s
admonitions to the contrary,
the political differences
between Jefferson/Madison,
and Hamilton led to the
formation of political parties.
Jefferson and Madison,
envisioning an agrarian nation
with limited government,
founded the DemocraticRepublican party which
attracted farmers and workers
to its ranks.
Alexander Hamilton,
envisioning an industrial nation
with a strong central
government, founded the
Federalist party which
attracted Northern merchants
and manufacturers.
FEDERALISTS
• Strong national
government
• Fear of mob rule
• Loose interpretation of
the Constitution
• Favored national bank
• Pro manufacturing and
shipping
• Supporters: lawyers,
merchants,
manufacturers, clergy
DEMOCRATICREPUBLICANS
• Limited national
government
• Fear of despotic rule
• Strict interpretation of the
Constitution
• Opposed national bank
• Pro farming
• Supporters: farmers,
tradespeople
In the election of 1797, the
Federalist John Adams beat the
Democratic-Republican
Thomas Jefferson to become
the second president of the
United States.
The eye of God has instigated the American eagle to snatch from Jefferson's hand
the "Constitution & Independence" of the U.S. before he can cast it on an "Altar
to Gallic Despotism," whose flames are being fed by the writings of Thomas Paine,
Helvetius, Rousseau, and other freethinkers.
FOR UNDERSTANDING
Washington’s presidency ended
with a foreign policy warning
that the U.S. should ______.
• 1) ally its self with
France
• 2) ally its self with
England
• 3) protect its friends
and neighbors from
foreign attacks
• 4) adopt a policy of
neutrality
The political differences between
Jefferson/Madison, and Hamilton led
to the formation of ______.
• 1) a House of
Burgesses
• 2) political parties
• 3) the Constitution
• 4) Alien and Sedition
acts
Jefferson and Madison, envisioning
an agrarian nation with limited
government, founded the ______
party.
• 1) DemocraticRepublican
• 2) Anti-Federalist
• 3) Federalist
• 4) AmericanIndependent
Alexander Hamilton, envisioning an
industrial nation with a strong
central government, founded the
______ party.
• 1) Tories
• 3) Know-Nothing
• 2) Federalist
• 4) DemocraticRepublican
Which of the following represented
the Federalist viewpoint:
• 1) Pro farming.
• 2) Limited national
government.
• 3) Strong national
government.
• 4) Strict
interpretation of the
Constitution.
Which of the following represented
the Democratic-Republican
viewpoint:
• 1) Loose
interpretation of the
Constitution.
• 3) Pro
manufacturing and
shipping.
• 2) Opposed national
bank.
• 4) Strong national
government.
Supporters of the ______ were often
lawyers, merchants, manufacturers,
and clergy.
• 1) DemocraticRepublicans
• 3) Federalists
• 4) whisky rebellion
• 2) states’ rights
theory
In the election of 1797, ______ beat
Thomas Jefferson to become the
second president of the United
States.
• 1) George Washington
• 3) William McKinley
• 2) William Henry
Harrison
• 4) John Adams
Supporters of the ______ were
often farmers, and tradespeople.
• 1) Federalists
• 2) DemocraticRepublicans
• 3) AmericanIndependents
• 4) XYZ Affair
Per the Constitution, the
second runner up, Thomas
Jefferson, became the vicepresident. Thus, the country
had executive leadership from
two opposing parties.
Because of a tense relationship
between the U.S. and France
during their war with Britain,
Adams dispatched an envoy
consisting of Charles Pinckney,
Elbridge Gerry, and John
Marshall to hold talks in Paris.
Charles Pinckney
Elbridge Gerry
John Marshall
After Adams’ French envoy
was ignored for weeks, they
were approached by three
French agents (X, Y, and Z)
who demanded a loan of 10
million dollars and a bribe of
$250,000. The Americans
refused.
The so called XYZ affair
resulted in Congress canceling
its treaties with France,
allowing U.S. ships to seize
French vessels, and expanding
the army and navy.
The Alien and Sedition Acts of
1798 were aimed at silencing the
critics of Adams’ administration by
greatly increasing the wait time for
immigrants to become citizens,
arresting and/or deporting nonloyal aliens during war time, and
outlawing the publication of any
anti-government writing.
The Alien and Sedition Acts
were an affront to the First
Amendment freedoms of
speech and press.
After the XYZ Affair, Adams
reopened talks with the French
which resulted in a secession of
hostilities between the two
governments and the avoidance
of a declared war.
FOR UNDERSTANDING
Per the Constitution, the ______
became the vice-president.
• 1) Speaker of the
House
• 3) president of the
House of Burgesses
• 2) second runner up
• 4) man with the
greatest number of
electoral votes
Who was not part of the envoy
dispatched by John Adams to hold
talks in Paris:
• 1) Grover Cleveland
• 3) John Marshall
• 2) Elbridge Gerry
• 4) Charles Pinckney
What was the XYZ affair?
• 1) A plot by the
Democratic-Republicans
to remove John Adams
from office.
• 3) An attempt by French
leaders to coerce and
finagle America out of a
large sum of money.
• 2) A tryst between
Thomas Jefferson and
Sally Hemings.
• 4) The inaugural ball held
for America’s first
president, George
Washington.
The so called ______ resulted in
Congress canceling its treaties with
France, allowing U.S. ships to seize
French vessels, and expanding the
army and navy.
• 1) Continental
Congress
• 3) Treaty of
Versailles
• 2) XYZ affair
• 4) Navigation Acts
The ______ of 1798 were aimed at
silencing the critics of Adams’
administration.
• 1) Townsend Acts
• 3) Navigation Acts
• 2) Intolerable Acts
• 4) Alien and Sedition
Acts
The Alien and Sedition Acts were
an affront to the ______.
• 1) First Amendment
freedoms of speech
and press
• 2) office of the
President
• 3) King of France,
Louis XVI
• 4) Declaration of
Independence
After the XYZ Affair, Adams
reopened talks with the French
which resulted in ______.
• 1) the French and
Indian war
• 2) an end to the war
between France and
Britain
• 3) an alliance with the
U.S. and France against
Britain
• 4) the avoidance of war
between France and the
U.S.