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Download It’s On - Valley View School District
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Chapter 19 SECTION 1 Hook What does it mean to be neutral? Have you ever been neutral? Have you ever taken a stand? What conditions effected your choices? The War to end all wars? WW I had been going on for quite some time before the United States got involved In fact, 1914 the war started but it wasn’t until 1917 that the United States is directly involved Just the facts mama, just the facts! Each country that got involved thought it would be over quickly 28 nations will be involved at the height of the war 8 million will die in battle What were the causes of the war? Direct Cause: The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia Indirect Causes, the things that helped ignite the fire!!! 1.Germany and France were already sore at each other because of a piece of land called Alsace Lorraine locate between Germany and France rich in coal http://www.jpmoser.com/little-images/francedirections-alsacelorraine.gif 2.Austria-Hungary were having difficulties with ethnic groups (you had Hungarians governing Czechs, Slovaks and Poles all of which wanted their own government) 3. Imperialism, a scramble for colonies (Many countries wanted more land and more resources) 4. Militarism, the building of a countries army during peace time 5.. Nationalism, the strong belief in one’s country and the rights of that country 6. Alliances, or friendships. There had been secret treatises amongst Germany and Austria and Russia and France Examples of Alliances An alliance is a friendship, an Entente is a friendly understanding Triple Alliance- Austria, Germany and Italy Triple Entente- Great Britain, France and Russia How could alliances upset the balance of power? Nations would come each other’s aid if one was attacked to aid in a nation’s security No longer a one on one war Balance? Tipped? So back to the beginning… Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary Austria had control over Bosnia but many of the Serbs inside the country wanted to be part of Serbia Archduke and his wife Sophia were assassinated visiting the province of Bosnia in the capital Sarajevo Assassinated by Princip, of course a Serbian terrorist Austria thought Serbia put him up to it and wanted revenge After the assassination Austria made a list of unreasonable demands for Serbia to meet or else…. Serbia refuses and Austria declares war Recognize and mobilize, yeah dog! The declaration of war set off a chain reaction throughout Europe Every country began to mobilize or ready their troops for war Russia went first to protect Serbia, then went Germany for Austria and then went France for Serbia and so on and so forth Prior to the war: (secret alliances) -Triple Alliances were Austria-Hungary, Germany and at the beginning Italy -Triple Entente were Great Britain, France and Russia The Chain Reaction Austria Serbia The strategy……dun dun dun Germany declared war on Russia and France declared war on them so they would have to fight ………………..A TWO FRONT WAR!!!!!!!!! http://www.yourchildlearns.com/europe_map.htm The Schlieffen Plan was an attempt for Germany to wipe out France before focusing on Russia It called for a few quick knocks on France They would go through Belgium to do this What’s your problem man????? Great Britain was angry because Belgium was a neutral country Now Britain will get involved The war divided Europe in half The Chain Reaction Austria Serbia Now the war is on, who fought??? Central Powers, were Germany and Austria and late the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Allies were Russia, Serbia, Great Britain and Later the US The battle begins The way to fight was with trenches Troops went back and forth firing at each other Whack a mole!!!! Stalemate was created which is a situation in which neither side is able to gain advantage Let’s live in a trench Conditions were deplorable Filthy and muddy which caused trench foot Disease would spread Rodents and lice Section 2 What should we do??? America heard about what had been going on in Europe However, we did not want to get involved We were sympathetic but remained neutral I am Kaiser…hear me roar!! Kaiser Wilhelm was the emperor of Germany He offended people living in democratic countries because of the way he treated his people He killed civilians, destroyed libraries and cathedrals etc. Extra Extra read all about it!!! Many Americans heard about the war through British propaganda Information intended to sway public opinion and it spread throughout the United States War……its good for us! America was the provider of many goods for almost all of Europe Our economy jumped from 700 million to 3.5 billion BOOM BOOM BOOM We will not fight! To protect our profit we refused to get involved in war Many people felt this was selfish because our allies were losing a war National Security League- was set up to promote patriotic education and ultimately will cause the U.S. to get prepared for war Do you smell what I smell??? Gas was a new weapon in WW I The French were actually the first to use it but…… Chlorine Gas- used a lot by the Germans Destroyed your respiratory organs Led to slow death by asphyxiation from coughing What is the weather Joe? Weather played a large part in using gas Wind played a role and the British and French learned fast Rain Here it comes…what do we do?? Early methods of avoiding gas ingestion were gross! Urine??? YUK! WHY? Bicarbonate soda Later gas masks but sometimes ineffective Mustard…the other Gas Mustard gas was first used by Germans It was odorless Took 12 hours to take effect Skin would blister Vomit External bleeding Attacked mucous membrane Most soldiers strapped to their bed Once in soil remained active for weeks I feel itchy so itchy I feel itchy and scratchy and gross!!! Not your average lice These buggers laid eggs in clothes and reacted to the body heat Left blotchy red marks Created a stale sour smell Caused trench fever Wilson wins again!! Wilson ran the idea that we were still not in war In fact his slogan for the campaign was, “He kept us out of war!” The first attack Germany utilized a strategy called USW or Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Surprise attacks and many thought it was uncivilized 1915, May 7th the Lusitania was bombed using USW 1,200 passengers were the boat and 128 were Americans Slap on the hand!! The U.S. was appalled Wilson demanded that USW end now Required financial payments to the victims families Germany refused stating that the U.S. was warned not to send people over in boats They later agreed they will warn ships first before firing Next straw…not breaking the camels back!!! U boats attacked the Sussex, a French passenger steamship 2 Americans Germany made the Sussex Pledge, which stated that Germany would warn ships before attacking Sound familiar???? U.S. neutrality is weakening!!! OOPS I did it again!!! Germany gets tired of the warning before attack They will test U.S. patience when they inform us that they will resume unrestricted submarine warfare Take a stand man!!!!! United States will respond by breaking off diplomatic ties with Germany They will begin to arm their merchant ships They will start giving large loans to the allies No YOU DIDN’T!!!!!! Zimmerman, Germany’s Foreign Minister will make an early attempt to take the United States down Sends a telegram to Mexico asking them to declare war on the United States and when they win they will give them back……………………? Interception They will give back Texas, New Mexico and Arizona The note was intercepted by British Intelligence The United States still does not get involved in war!!!! Mother RUSSIA by 1917 Russia had already lost 1.5 million and 2.5 million were being held prisoner Revolutionaries overthrew Czar Nicholas II He was an autocrat, or someone who rules with unlimited power Communism took hold of the country led by Lenin and his Bolsheviks They decide to pull Russia out of war Why is this bad for the Allies???? FINALLY, we will have revenge!!!! Between the days of March 16 thru 18 Germany sank 3 clearly identifiable U.S. ships City of Memphis Vigilancia Illinois Wilson asked for a declaration of war to “make the world safe for democracy.” Congress declares war on April 6, 1917 It’s On THE UNITED STATES ENTERS WAR Re Visit the Beginning What impact did the assassination of Archduke have on the United States? What is the significance of these dates: 1914-1918? Did the sinking of the Lusitania cause the United States to enter the war? ARE YOU READY TO RUMBLE? WE DECLARED WAR IN 1917 READY IN SPIRIT BUT NOT IN MAN POWER LESS THAN 100,000 MEN IN UNIFORM OUTRANKED IN SIZE BY 16 OTHER COUNTRIES WHAT DO WE DO? BECAUSE WE WERE NOT READY WITH MEN WE SENT OVER $ OVER 3 BILLION DOLLARS ALLIES SAY THANKS BUT INSIST THEY NEED TROOPS THE MAN OF THE HOUR PERSHING WILL TAKE ON THE FIRST TASK HE WAS A VETRAN FROM THE SPANISH- AMERICAN WAR SENT OVER TO EUROPE WITH 14,500 MEN TO BOOST THE MORALE OF THE ALLIES REALIZED HOW BAD IT WAS RECOMMENDED 1 MILLION TROUPS DO YOUR PATRIOTIC DUTY 1917 THE US WILL PASS THE SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT AUTHORIZED THE DRAFT OF YOUNG MEN IT WAS ACCEPTED BECAUSE PEOPLE THOUGHT IT WAS THE WAR TO END ALL OTHER WARS BY 1918 MORE THAN 24 MILLION MEN REGISTERED FOR THE DRAFT 3 MILLION WOULD BE LOTTERIED SO WHO WAS DRAFTED AMERICAN EXPIDITIONARY FORCE- INCLUDED ALL THE DRAFTEES, NATIONAL GUARSDMEN AND WOMEN WOMEN? WHAT COULD THEY DO?? MORE THAN 25,000 WOMEN WILL SERVE AS NURSES, DRIVERS AND CLERKS WE MUST TRAIN LIKE MEN, BUT HOW? WW I WAS THE FIRST TIME TROOPS WERE UP AGAINST GAS AND AUTOMATIC WEAPONS THEY LEARNED TO USE A BAYONET, RIFLE, DIG A TRENCH AND PUT ON A GAS MASK SUPPOSE TO TRAIN FOR SEVERAL MONTHS MOST GOT SENT EARLY SO HOW DID WE GET THERE?? BECAUSE OF USW WE HAD TO BE CAREFUL TRAVELING OVERSEAS GERMANY HAD DESTROYED 400 SHIPS WE STARTED TRAVELING IN A CONVOY SYSTEM IT WAS A GROUP OF UNARMED SHIPS SURROUNDED BY A RING OF DESTROYERS, TORPEDO BOATS, AND OTHER NAVAL VESSELS ARMED WITH HYDROPHONES CASUALITIES WERE CUT IN HALF DOUGHBOY THE NICKNAME GIVEN TO THE AMERICAN TROOPS THOUGHT TO BE NAMED AFTER THE UNIFOMRS CIVIL WAR UNIFORMS HAD BIG BUTTONS ON THE JACKET OR THE BELT WAS WHITE http://www.aef-doughboys.com/photographs.html THE MAN OF THE HOUR AGAIN PERSHING HAD A PROBLEM HE WANTED TO KEEP US TROOPS AWAY FROM THE ALLIES HE WANTED TO REMAIN HEALTHY AND ON THE OFFENSIVE NOT THE DEFENSIVE WHO WERE THE SOLDIERS? MOST TROOPS ON THE FRONT LINES WERE WHITE BLACKS SERVED IN SEPARATE UNITS AND MOST NEVER SAW COMBAT MARINES REFUSED BLACK ENTRY ARMY AND NAVY USED THEM FOR MANUAL LABOR HARLEM HELL FIGHTERS MANY AFRICAN AMERICANS WANTED TO FIGHT WITH PRIDE SOME VOLUNTEERED FOR THE FRENCH WHO DID NOT PRACTICE RACISM SO WHAT ABOUT RUUUUSIIIA? LENIN LED HIS ARMY OF MEN CALLED THE BOLSHEVIKS HE LEAD THEM OUT OF WAR AND SIGNED A TRUCE WITH GERMANY IN DECEMBER GERMANY WOULD GAIN LAND AND THEY WOULD NO LONGER BE FIGHTING A TWO FRONT WAR MONEY FOR BAD GUYS BUT TERRIBLE FOR ALLIES GERMANY IS SLY AS A FOX GERMANY KNEW THE US WAS COMING THEY DECIDED TO MAKE ONE FINAL ATTACK ON THE BRITISH BEFORE THE US COULD ENFORCE THEY AIMED TO CAPTURE PARIS THE BATTLE THE BATTLE OF CHATEAU-THIERRY WAS A MAJOR BATTLE FOUGHT BY THE US, ALLIES AND GERMANY THE US IS ABLE TO SWOOP IN THE NICK OF TIME AND SAVE PARIS NOW THE US WILL RUN THE WAR THE KEY WEAPON IN THE WAR WAS THE TANK SECTION 3 CHAPTER 19 THE WAR TURNS AROUND IT IS NO SECRET THAT THE US TURNED THE WAR AROUND WITH OUR INVOLVEMENT THINGS WERE MUCH DIFFERENT THAN THEY ARE TODAY THERE WERE ONLY 55 PLANES FOR THE US WHEN THEY ENTERED WAR AND THEY WERE PRIMITIVE MADE OF WOOD AND COVERED IN CLOTH WITH OPEN AIR COCK-PITS WHO’S AN ACE? AN ACE PILOT WAS THE NICKNAME GIVEN TO A PILOT WHO ENGAGED IN DOG FIGTHING THEY BOASTED SHOOTING DOWN PLANES TO BE AN ACE YOU NEEDED TO HAVE SHOT DOWN A CERTAIN NUMBER GERMANS USED ZEPPELINS, WHICH WERE FLOATING AIRSHIPS USED FOR SPYING AND OBSERVATION http://www.jrroseenterprises.com/myweb/plane_pa ges/wwi_airplanes.htm http://www.earlyaviator.com/archive1.htm The War Ends, But Slowly!!! Even with US involvement WW I ended slowly The United States demanded total surrender from the Germans even before peace talks There were so many countries involved that it took a long time for everyone to agree on peace Oh where oh were is Kaiser Wilhelm? The Kaiser refused surrender even as he watched all his soldiers dying The soldiers took it upon themselves to end the war with a mutiny The Kaiser will flee to Holland On November 11th, 1918 a new government of Germany will sign an armistice, six hours later the guns will fall A new type of weapon!! Deadlier than the tanks and gas used in WW I was a strain of influenza brought over by the United States It disabled 500,000 troops The 2nd and 3rd strains were even deadlier Average of 100 people dying a day Grave diggers could not dig fast enough Results of WW I Physical and mental scars 50,000 Americans died More will die of disease Death toll for Europe was 8 million, estimate 5,000 a day It will topple empires in Germany, Austria, Russia New nations will be formed from defeated nations Death Toll 50,000 Americans 1 million French 900,000 British 2 million Russian Civilians suffered as well as soldiers 20 million civilians will die of starvation and disease Ottoman Empire Will inflict a genocide An organized killing of entire people Against Armenians who were considered disloyal Hundreds of thousands were deported and murdered Section 4 FORD FORD FORD FORD Henry Ford hated the idea of war At the beginning of the war he said he would burn down his factory before he would produce war goods 2 years later he will be mass producing tanks and tractors Our Economy War is expensive and the United States was not ready for the financial responsibility To raise money, they borrowed money from the public through Liberty bonds Special war bonds to support the war People took them and would redeem their regular cost later with interest How did they entice Americans Used Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts “every scout to save a soldier” 20 minute skits before a movie about patriotism War Industries Board, government converted industries from peace time to war time production Told industries what to make and how much to make They fixed prices on some things Government regulated food and fuel with organizations that dealt with distribution and rationing Lever food and fuel control act- gave the President the power to manage the production and distribution of food and fuel vital to the war effort Price Controls, the government had the power to inflict prices on everything for the war effort Rationing, distributing goods to consumers in a fixed amount Tried not to force the issue Hoover, even with the power to do so did not use the power of price controls and rationing often Instead he hopes that people will voluntarily restrain from overindulging Day Light Savings Time, was started in WW I Why? No Freedom The press underwent censorship People were arrested for talking about the war in a negative way 100% Americanism, the United States was afraid of spies so they passed literacy tests for immigrants, there were native feelings Hate the Hun, was the saying for hating the Germans, we stopped teaching German, German books disappeared, renamed the burger and dog I SPY>>>>?> Many people in the United States were afraid of spies Espionage Act made it illegal to interfere with the draft It was amended in 1918 to the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to obstruct in the sale of Liberty Bonds or discuss the United States in a negative way Many felt it violated the 1st amendment Those who disagree Many socialist felt that the war was simply imperialist country fighting for land and power IWW- Industrial Workers of the World was a labor group that wanted to overthrow capitalism Vigilantes, people who took the law into their own hands Social changes Section 5 The war has ended…..for Europe!! Wilson will propose the Fourteen Points End secret treatises, a key cause of war Remove trade barriers among nations Reduction of military forces Let us decide our own fate!! Austria’s ethnic groups and Wilson called for self- determination, the power to make decisions for oneself about their future Many agreed with Wilson’s plans for peace however, the almighty dollar was desired Many of the allies wanted land, money, etc. not just peace Spoiled or Spoils? Wilson was embarrassed by the Allies response Wilson stated that he did not want the spoils of war In other words he did not want the rewards of winning a war He just wanted a permanent peace agency League of Nations Wilson’s idea An organization where nations of the world would join together to ensure safety for ALL members Needed to be okayed by the Senate When brought to Senate it was voted down based on Article 10, which stated members of the League of Nations would view an attack on one as an attack on all So many wanted justice… Many of the Allies wanted to see the enemy buried Clemenceau was the French Premier He knew the League of Nations was weak and people wanted more He demands huge penalties to Germany Loss of land Embarrassment Not a good idea Wilson knew it wasn’t right His biggest defeat was giving into the demands of the other allies and going along with punishment They crippled Germany Made them financially responsible for the war $33 billion Germany never forgave the allies Reparations, payment made for economic injury suffered in war The end of all ends??? Treaty of Versailles, was the official end of the war for Europe Forced Germany to pay 33 billion in reparations Gave back land The United States did not sign the Treaty but instead ended the declared the war over on their own Afraid of being involved Postwar America The United States became the largest creditor throughout the world Europe owed us 11.5 billion Women left their jobs and/or were fired to give men back the work African Americans were still discriminated against 116,000 soldiers killed
